水热-碳酸钠法稳定化医疗废物焚烧炉飞灰中重金属的研究

研究了水热-碳酸钠法对医疗废物焚烧炉飞灰中重金属的稳定化效果及稳定化机制.结果表明,在水热条件下,碳酸钠能有效地降低飞灰中重金属的渗滤毒性,并且飞灰经水热处理后产生的废水中重金属的浓度也较低,避免了二次污染.原始飞灰中7种重金属的渗滤毒性为:Cd1.97mg/L,Cr1.56mg/L,Cu2.56mg/L,Mn17.30mg/L,Ni1.65mg/L,Pb1.56mg/L和Zn189.00mg/L,选择最佳工况对飞灰进行水热处理后(碳酸钠/干灰投加量:5/20,反应时间:8h,液固比:10/1),重金属渗滤毒性大为降低,Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb渗滤浓度均小于0.02mg/L,Zn的渗滤浓度为0.05mg/L,符合国家标准GB5085.3-2007,水热反应后废水重金属浓度均低于0.8mg/L.水热反应后飞灰重金属渗滤毒性和反应产生废水中重金属浓度均随着反应时间的延长而降低.反应时间的延长有利于硅铝酸盐的结晶与老化,使重金属在硅铝酸盐晶体中位置发生迁移,形成重金属稳定性很强的结构.重金属稳定化机制主要是由于硅铝酸盐胶体形成,结晶、老化过程中对重金属离子共沉淀与吸附作用.

Effect of Sodium Carbonate Assisted Hydrothermal Process on Heavy Metals Stabilization in Medical Waste Incinerator Fly Ash

A sodium carbonate assisted hydrothermal process was induced to stabilize the fly ash from medical waste incinerator. The results showed that sodium carbonate assisted hydrothermal process reduced the heavy metals leachability of fly ash, and the heavy metal waste water from the process would not be a secondary pollution.The leachability of heavy metals studied in this paper were Cd 1.97 mg/L, Cr 1.56 mg/L, Cu 2.56 mg/L, Mn 17.30 mg/L, Ni 1.65 mg/L, Pb 1.56 mg/L and Zn 189.00 mg/L, and after hydrothermal process with the optimal experimental condition (Na₂CO₃/fly ash dosage = 5/20, reaction time = 8 h, L/S ratio=10/1) the leachability reduced to < 0.02 mg/L for Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and 0.05 mg/L for Zn, according to GB 5085.3-2007. Meanwhile, the concentrations of heavy metals in effluent after hydrothermal process were less than 0.8 mg/L. The heavy metals leachability and concentration in effluent reduced with prolonged reaction time. Prolonged aging can affect the leachability of metals as solids become more crystalline, and heavy metals transferred inside of crystalline. The mechanism of heavy metal stabilization can be concluded to the co precipitation and adsorption effect of aluminosilicates formation, crystallization and aging process.