三峡水库洪水资源化多目标决策评价模型

进入21世纪，随着我国经济的飞速发展，人与水的关系越来越紧张。水资源短缺、水质恶化和水环境污染等问题日益严重，人们也在不断探索解决这些问题的办法。在总结经验教训的基础上，人们提出了"洪水管理"的新策略。洪水资源化是洪水管理的一项重要内容，也是解决水资源短缺危机的一个重要途径。汛限水位是综合利用水库运行和调度的重要参数之一，它影响着防洪效益和防洪风险。以三峡水库洪水资源化问题为背景，对三峡水库的多种汛限水位组合方案，建立了多目标决策运行的指标体系。以层次分析法为基础对各指标权重进行计算，得到了各指标相对于总目标的组合权重，并通过均衡规划求解得到了洪水资源化多目标决策运行方案的最佳均衡解。

MULTI-OBJECTIVE DECISION MAKING EVALUATION MODEL FOR FLOODWATER UTILIZATION IN THREE GORGES RESERVOIR

With the rapid economical development in 21st century,the relationship between human and water has become a major issue for the social and economical development in China.Problems including the scarcity of water resources,the deterioration of water and pollution of water environment have become severer.On the basis of summarizing the experiences and lessons,the new strategy for flood management was proposed by people.The utilization of floodwater is an important issue for flood management,and an important measure to solve the crisis of water resource scarcity.As a key parameter of multi-purpose reservoir operation,flood limit water level plays a critical role in achieving the balance between flood control and economic benefit such as hydropower generation and navigation improvement etc.Taking the floodwater utilization of Three Gorges Reservoir as an example,the criteria system was proposed based on multi-alternatives combined with the flood limit water level of Three Gorges Reservoir which satisfied the safety restriction.By computing the weights of all indexes based on Analytic Hierarchy Process method,the integrated weight of which all indexes corresponded to the total goal was presented,and the best equilibrium solution of the operation alternatives of floodwater utilization multi-objective decision making was obtained according to the equilibrium programming,which can give reference for the multi-objective decision making operation in floodwater utilization of the Three Gorges Reservoir.