DNAPL在透镜体及表面活性剂作用下的运移研究

选择四氯乙烯(PCE)作为典型重非水相液体(DNAPLs)污染物,进行PCE在二维砂箱中的运移及修复实验,采用一种改进光透法探讨DNAPL在含不同透镜体非均质含水层中的运移和饱和度分布特性.在此基础上,考察非离子表面活性剂(吐温80)对DNAPL的原位冲洗修复效果.结果表明,在模拟天然地下水流条件下,当PCE运移到达各透镜体时,PCE均未进入透镜体而是在其上方聚集形成污染池,然后逐渐侧向扩散,即使在较粗透镜体(20/30目和40/60目石英砂按 1:1质量比例混合)上也无法进入.吐温80对PCE的修复效果显著,冲洗58h后,94.2%的PCE被去除.表面活性剂的引入能够减小PCE和水的界面张力,界面张力的减小量可达38.8dyn/cm,相应各透镜体上覆界面处的毛细压力水头值会有不同程度的减小,在较粗透镜体上的PCE可以穿透透镜体并继续向下运移.透镜体的毛细截留作用会限制修复后期的修复效率,修复75,3520min的修复效率分别为0.63,0.05g/g,其中较粗透镜体上截留的PCE相对其他较细透镜体容易移出.

Investigation of the migration characteristic of DNAPL in aquifer with lenses and under the action of surfactant flushing

Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) was selected as the representative DNAPL to carry out the migration experiments in a two-dimensional (2-D) sandbox, and a modified light transmission visualization method was used to study the migration and saturation distribution characteristics in heterogeneous aquifer containing different lenses, based on which, the recovery effect of DNAPL by situ flushing with a non-ionic surfactant (Tween 80) was investigated. The results showed that, when reaching the low permeability lenses, PCE did not migrate downward but pooled on the surfaces then migrated sideways on the surface of the coarser lens which was packed with a 1:1mixture of 20/30 mesh accusand and 40/60 mesh accusand in homogeneous saturated porous media under natural water flow velocity condition. The recovery effect of PCE made by Tween 80 was prominent, 94.2% of PCE was removed after 58 hours of flushing. The introduction of surfactant could decrease the interfacial tension (IFT) between PCE and water, and reduce the capillary pressure value on the surface of the lenses to varying degrees. Decrease of interfacial tension between PCE and water could reach 38.8dyn/cm. PCE on the surface of coarser lens could penetrate the lens and migrated downward during the surfactant flush. The remediation efficiency was restrained by the capillary intercept in the late stage of the recovery, and the remediation efficiency at 75min and 3520min were 0.63g/g and 0.05g/g respectively. The PCE entrapment on coarser lens could be removed more easily than that on finer lenses.