Urban air pollution in Brazil: Acetaldehyde and other carbonyls |
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| Institution: | 1. Institut de Combustion, Aerothermique, Reactivité Environnement (ICARE), CNRS/OSUC 1C Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France;2. College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;3. Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China |
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| Abstract: | We have measured ambient levels of carbonyls in three major urban areas of Brazil: Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Salvador. The most abundant carbonyls were acetaldehyde (up to 63 μg m?3, or 35 ppb) followed by formaldehyde (up to 42 μg m?3, or 34 ppb), and acetone (up to 20 ppb). Levels of 10 other aliphatic and aromatic carbonyls were in the range 0–5 ppb. Total carbonyl concentrations were in the range 11–75 ppb. Indoor levels were also measured at several locations in Salvador. High levels of acetaldehyde, 430 μg m?3 or 240 ppb, were measured in a highway tunnel.Using carbonyl/CO concentration ratios, mobile source emissions of carbonyls are estimated for the Sao Paulo area. Ambient levels of acetaldehyde and acetaldehyde/formaldehyde concentration ratios in Brazil are compared to those for other urban areas, and are briefly discussed in relation with the large scale use of ethanol as a vehicle fuel. |
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