Wet and dry depostion fluxes above the North Sea |
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| Institution: | 1. Center for Environment and Public Health Studies, School of Public Policy and Government, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil;2. Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, Bern, Switzerland;3. Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States;4. Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States;1. Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88.040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil;2. Department of Automation and Systems, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88.040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil;1. School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China;2. School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China;1. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;2. State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;1. Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process/Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;2. CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;3. School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621020, China |
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| Abstract: | A hyperbolic-dilution relationship exists between the dissolved metal concentrations in rain above sea and the precipitation volume. The real wet flux can then be expressed solely as a function of the hyperbolic regression coefficients, the precipitation volume and the number of rain events. Hyperbolic regression coefficients were determined during a restricted period of sampling during which all rain events were sampled and analyzed. In addition, measuring the annual precipitation volume above sea allowed us to estimate the annual wet deposition flux.Dry deposition fluxes at sea were (1) measured using vasilinated plexiplates and (2) calculated using a dry deposition model and cascade impactor results. Despite the large uncertainties on the calculated dry deposition fluxes, results obtained with both methods agree within a factor of 2.3. Resuspension fluxes of the trace metals are negligible compared to the deposition fluxes. |
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