Elements in the precipitation of S. Paulo City (Brazil) |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, AB24 3UE, Aberdeen, United Kingdom;2. Ecole de Mines de Nantes, 4, rue Alfred Kastler, B.P. 20722, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France;1. Kompetenzzentrum für elektrochemische Oberflächentechnologie GmbH (CEST), Viktor Kaplan Straße 2, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria;2. Center for Surface and Nanoanalytics (ZONA), Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria;3. voestalpine Stahl GmbH, Voestalpine-Straße 3, 4031 Linz, Austria;1. Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya Street, Krasnodar 350040, Russian Federation;2. North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkina street, Stavropol 355009, Russian Federation;3. N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation;4. IEM (Institut Européen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Université Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, Montpellier F-34095, France |
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| Abstract: | Rainwater samples in S. Paulo city were collected on an event basis from October 1983 to October 1985 covering two dry and two rainy periods. Bulk samples only were obtained. At the same site and period, fine, coarse and inhalable particles were also collected. Na+, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, NO3?, SO42? and NH4+ contents were determined in rainwater samples, while Na, Ca, K, Cl and S concentrations were measured in aerosol samples. Rainwater is slightly acid (mean pH = 5.0), and contains high concentrations of Ca2+, NO3?, SO42? and NH4+. Dry and wet fluxes and washout ratios were determined for some elements. Results obtained suggest that the atmospheric composition in this city is strongly influenced by anthropogenic sources. |
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