Chemical composition differences in fog and cloud droplets of different sizes |
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| Institution: | 1. Environmental Sciences Section, Bose Institute, EN Block, Sector-V, Saltlake, Kolkata 700091, India;2. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India;3. CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India;1. Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Prague, Czech Republic;2. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Studies, Czech Republic;3. National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic;4. Institute of Computer Science, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic;5. Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics, and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic;1. Collaborative Innovation Centre on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China;2. Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, China;3. Anhui Meteorology Institute, Key Lab of Atmospheric Science and Remote Sensing Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, China;4. Shouxian National Climatology Observatory, Shouxian 232200, China;5. Jiangsu Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210009, China |
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| Abstract: | The distribution of acidity and solute concentration among the various droplet sizes in a fog or cloud and the effect of the evaporation-condensation cycle on the composition and size distribution of atmospheric aerosol is studied. Significant total solute concentration differences can occur in aqueous droplets inside a fog or cloud. For the fog simulated here, during the period of dense fog, the solute concentration in droplets larger than 10 μm diameter increased with size, in such a way that droplets of diameter 20 μm attain a solute concentration that is a factor of 3.6 larger than that in the 10 μm droplets. Droplets on which most of the liquid water condenses have access to most of the reacting medium for in situ S(IV) oxidation and are therefore preferentially enriched in sulfate. The gas and aqueous-phase chemical processes result in an increase of the total solute mass concentration nonuniform over the droplet spectrum for a mature fog. These chemical processes tend to decrease the total solute mass concentration differences among the various droplet sizes. Low cooling rates of the system also tend to decrease these concentration differences while high cooling rates have exactly the opposite effect. The mass/size distribution of the condensation nuclie influences quantitatively, but not qualitatively, the above concentration differences. |
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