论政府在环境保护中的作用

在理想市场状态下,个体利益最大化能够导致资源的有效配置,但当存在能影响价格的市场势力、外部性、公共物品及不完全信息时,就会出现资源配置的扭曲,即市场失灵.市场失灵为政府干预提供了机会和理由.环境保护政府干预的必要性,政府在环境保护中的作用,但政府干预也并不总是有效的,指出了政府履行环境保护服务职能存在的问题,分析环境保护中政府"失灵"的原因:决策判断失误、利益集团影响、决策信息不全、体制不健全等,提出了充分发挥政府在环境保护中作用的对策措施.

The Functions of Government on Environment Protection

In an ideal market,the maximization of individual profit can give rise to an efficient allocation of resources.However,distortions in resource allocation,alias failure of market,which gives chances and reasons for governmental interference,may occur should there exist market forces,externalities,public goods and incomplete information having impacts on prices.This essay,by discussing the necessity of the governmental interference and the role of the government in the environmental protection,and the fact that the governmental interference is not always effective,points out the problems occurring in the government's execution of its function of environmental protection,and the reasons for the failure of the governmental interference: misjudgment of strategies,influences of group profit,incomplete information of planning and incomplete system,and raises the countermeasure of bringing the government into full play in the environmental protection.