我国干旱地区甘草草地资源的利用与保护

全世界有甘草13种,我国有8种,沙漠地区常见有5种。我国沙漠地区的甘草种类为甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis)、胀果甘草(Glycyrrhiza inflata)等5种,它们构成各种甘草草地,分布在多种多样的生态环境中,以甘草草地分布最广。 甘草草地可供放牧、割草、采药、农垦、营林等多目标利用,目前它已被广泛进行利用。其中以放牧和采药利用最为广泛。 甘草草地的利用存在着严重的问题,例如:滥挖甘草已使大面积的甘草草地遭到了严重破坏,不适当的农垦已使不少甘草草地成了荒滩和沙化土地,生境旱化已使一些甘草草地明显退化,土壤盐渍化已使得一些甘草草地发育不良以至已被盐生植被所演替。 要使甘草草地这一多目标利用的自然资源能得到水续利用,必须重视土壤和环境的保护,防止土壤风蚀和水蚀,防治土壤盐渍化,预防生态环境旱化,大力种草种树等。

UTILIZATION AND PROTECTION OF THE LICORICE GRASSLAND RESOURCE IN THE ARID REGION OF CHINA

There are thirteen species of licorice in the world. China has eight of them. Five species are commonly seen in the desert region. They are Glycyrrhiza uralensis,Glycyrrhiza inflata,etc. , They form various licorice grasslands. These grasslands distribute in various ecological environment. The distribution of Glycyrrhiza uralensis grassland is the widest. The Licorice grassland can be utilized for many aims,for example, grazing, cutting grass,gathering drugs,reclaiming wasteland and afforestation. At present, it has been utilized extensively. Grazing and gathering drugs are most common.It is a pity that there are serious problems existing in the way of utilization. For example, there is great area of licorice grassland destroyed seriously owing to digging licorice disorderly,not a few licorice grasslands have become waste fields and desertified lands owing to reclaiming the wasteland unsuitably,some licorice grasslands have deteriorated obviously owing to the habitat's becoming droughty ,and soil salinization has made some licorice grasslands develop poorly so as to be succeeded by salt-enduring vegetation.If people want that this multi-purpose natural resources,the licorice grassland,can be utilized lastingly, they have to pay attention to the protection of its soil and environment. This includes preventing wind and water erosion of soil, controlling soil salinization, preventing the ecological environment from becoming droughty,making efforts to plant trees and herbs and so on.