Experimental studies of the transfer of neptunium from sea water to sediments and organisms (annelids and molluscs) |
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| Institution: | 1. Anti-Doping Lab Qatar, Sports City, P.O. Box. 27775, Doha, Qatar;2. Sandoz GmbH, Biochemiestrasse 10, A-6250 Kundl/Tirol, Austria;3. RIKILT Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands;4. University of Groningen, P.O. Box. 196, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands;1. Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, Rawalpindi, Pakistan;2. Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, 1701 South Broadway Street Pittsburg, KS, 66762, USA;3. Department of Materials, Photon Science Institute and Sir Henry Royce Institute, Alan Turing Building the University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK;4. School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12 Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan;5. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, khurma, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia;6. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt |
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| Abstract: | This paper deals with the physico-chemical behaviour of neptunium in sea water and with its capacity for transfer to coastal or deep-sea sediments and for uptake by two benthic species, Arenicola marina (L.) and Cerastoderma edule (L.). We used the 239Np isotope with mass concentrations in sea water of about 2·5 × 10−10−5·4×10−12 g litre−1, which are close to the concentrations observed in the environment for 237Np. The experimental results show that Np occurs in solution mainly as the neptunyl ion NpO2+, but soluble anionic and neutral complexes and particulate forms were also detected. The distribution coefficients for the sediments varied from 350 to 6500. The carbonate phase plays a decisive role in neptunium transfer but other fixation processes are also possible. Concentration factors after 13 days were found to have values of 40 and 14 for the shells and soft parts of cockles, respectively, while polychaetes had a concentration factor of 2. Thus Np has a smaller probability of transfer to sediments and organisms than have plutonium and americium. |
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