反渗透技术对消毒副产物的去除效果、机理及影响因素研究进展

反渗透(RO)技术因操作简便、无药剂添加等特点，被广泛应用于管网末端痕量污染物的去除. 为深入理解RO技术在去除饮用水中消毒副产物(DBP)的应用，总结了近20年来RO截留DBPs的效果、机理、影响因素及工艺. 结果表明:①空间位阻效应是RO膜去除DBPs的主要作用机制，静电排斥效应对带电小分子DBPs的去除更加明显. ② RO膜对疏水性DBPs也具有一定的吸附截留作用，适当提高pH、操作压力或膜改性(如使膜孔变小或增强膜的亲水性)能增强DBPs的去除，但升高温度不利于DBPs去除. ③在一定范围内DBPs浓度变化(0~200 μg/L)对RO膜截留影响不明显，目前尚存争议的是水中离子浓度和膜老化对RO膜截留的影响及各种RO工艺的优选. 建议未来深入探究DBPs在RO工艺中的吸附和穿透行为及规律，并致力于开发净水能力更强且更节能省水的RO工艺. 

A Review of Disinfection Byproducts Removal Efficiency and Influencing Factors of Reverse Osmosis Technology

Reverse osmosis (RO) technology is widely used in the removal of trace pollutants at pipe network end due to its simple operation and chemical-free characteristics. In order to gain insights into the application of RO technology in the removal of disinfection by-products (DBPs), this review summarizes the effects, mechanisms, influencing factors of RO rejection of DBPs in the past two decades. The results show that: (1) Steric hindrance is the major force governing the removal of most of DBPs by RO, while electrostatic repulsion has a great impact on the removal of those charged small molecules of DBPs. (2) RO membrane can effectively reject hydrophobic DBPs due to its adsorption capacity. Increasing the pH and operating pressure or modifying membrane properties (e.g., reducing pore size or enhancing hydrophilicity of membrane) can increase the removal of DBPs, and the increase in temperature is often harmful to the removal of DBPs. (3) Varying initial DBPs concentrations (0-200 μg/L) within certain levels posed little effects on the performance of RO membrane. However, there are still some controversies regarding the influence of coexisting ions in water and membrane aging on the retention of DBPs. It is recommended to further explore the adsorption and penetration behavior and mechanism of DBPs in the RO treatment process in the future, and devote to the development of RO processes with stronger pollutant mitigation abilities and more energy-saving and water-saving features.