垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属固化稳定机理及系统评价方法的研究进展

垃圾焚烧飞灰中的重金属是必须处理的环境污染物。目前，对于垃圾焚烧飞灰的固化稳定化处理已经有了大量的实验研究。但是，不同地区垃圾焚烧厂产生的飞灰中，重金属含量和形态大不相同，故相应的飞灰仍然难以实现大规模、普适性的处理。在查阅文献及实际调研的基础上，系统总结了垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的存在形态与浸出特性；通过对重金属固化稳定机理的分析，指出了垃圾焚烧飞灰固化材料和稳定剂选择的方向。此外，还计算了不同的固化剂与稳定剂对不同重金属的固化率，发现材料复配的方式对多种重金属的稳定效果较好。最后，比较了不同评价方法在垃圾焚烧飞灰固化系统选择中的应用效果，指出综合评价方法是目前相对较完善、系统的方法，在工程实际中具有广阔的应用前景。

Research progress on the mechanism and systematic evaluation methods of solidification and stabilization of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

The toxic heavy metals in fly ash generated from waste incineration are environmental pollutants that must be treated. At present, a large number of previous studies focused on the solidification and stabilization of fly ash, but the content and distribution of heavy metals varied in fly ash produced by incineration plants in different regions, so it is challenging and urgent to figure out an effective and universal treatment for large-scale industrial use. This review systematically summarized the leaching characteristics and chemical forms of heavy metals in fly ash, and pointed out the direction of selection of solidification materials and stabilizing agents by analyzing the stabilization mechanism of heavy metals. The ratios of different heavy metals stabilized by different materials were calculated, and it is concluded that the solidification method combined with multiple materials had a good stabilizing effect on various heavy metals. Finally, through comparison of apply effects of different evaluation methods, it is proposed that analytic hierarchy process was relatively adequate and systematic in the selection of fly ash solidification system, which is promising in the promotion and application.