美国油气行业国家温室气体清单和报送体系

甲烷是由人类活动造成的仅次于二氧化碳的第二大温室气体,大幅度减少甲烷排放有助于降低近期温升,是实现巴黎协定目标的必要手段,也是中国实现“碳中和”目标的重要抓手。相比其他排放源,油气行业的甲烷减排最快、最有经济性。而有效的减排政策和监管必须建立在完整、准确的甲烷排放清单基础上。文章以甲烷为重点,概述了美国国家温室气体清单和油气行业的报送制度,介绍了两个报送体系的覆盖范围、要求等相关差异,说明了设施界定、排放因子和活动水平来源、监测方法以及有待改进之处,并针对中国油气行业甲烷排放数据的质量改善提出了建议。

National Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Reporting System for U.S. Oil and Gas Industry

Methane is the second largest anthropogenic greenhouse gas next to carbon dioxide.Significantly reducing methane emissions will help avert near-term temperature rise and meet the Paris climate goals.Also,it provides an important anchor for China to achieve carbon neutrality target.Compared with other emission sources,reducing methane emissions from the oil and gas industry is the fastest and most economical way to slow the speed of warming.Effective emission reduction policies and regulations must be based upon comprehensive and accurate methane emission inventory.With a focus on methane,this paper provides an overview of U.S.national greenhouse gas inventory system and the reporting system in oil-gas industry,describes the differences in coverage and requirements between the two reporting systems,explains the facility definitions,and sources for emission factors and activity data.The paper concludes by proposing recommendations for the improvement of monitoring methods and quality of methane emission data in China's oil and gas industry.