水中柴油污染物的微生物降解及其动力学

以混合柴油为靶污染物,通过对比实验研究了油污染物在模拟水环境中的降解效果。研究表明,模拟自然条件下混合柴油污染物总体降解较慢,油质去除率低;生物强化降解条件下,向混合柴油污染水样中添加驯化培养的微生物混合菌群,生物降解速率明显提高,油质去除率达到98%以上。研究还发现,各污染水样中油的降解速率与降解效果随柴油的配比而不同,混合柴油样本中生物柴油的比例越高,样本的降解率越高,表明生物柴油作为碳源有效改善了水中有机营养配比,促进了柴油的去除效果。进一步分析表明,混合柴油在水中的降解过程符合一级反应动力学,生物强化降解条件下,生物柴油比例越高,混合柴油降解速率越快,除油微生物以菌胶团、球菌和丝状菌为主。

Biodegradation and kinetics of diesel pollutants in water

The degradation effect of oil contaminants in simulated water environment was investigated by compared experiment with the diesel blends as target pollutants. The results showed that slower degradation rate of diesel blend pollutants and lower oil matter removing efficiency were achieved under natural conditions, while the addition of cultivated microorganism blends in polluted sample improved markedly the biodegradation rate and 98% removal of oil matter was obtained. It was also found that the oil degradation rate and removing effect differed with the ratio of diesel blends. The higher was biodiesel proportion in sample, the higher degradation efficiency was obtained. It indicated that, as a carbon source, biodiesel improved the organic nutrients proportion efficently and promoted the removing effect of diesel. Further analysis indicated that the the degradated process of diesel blends in water is accorded with first-order kinetics. Under enhanced biodegradation conditions, the removal efficiency of diesel blends quickened. The oil removing microorganisms in the system are mainly zoogloea with filamentous bacteria and cocci.