Impact of engine lubricant properties on regulated gaseous emissions of 2000-2001 model-year gasoline vehicles |
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Authors: | Durbin Thomas D Sauer Claudia G Pisano John T Rhee Sam H Huai Tao Miller J Wayne MacKay Gervase I Robbins John Gamble Heather Hochhauser Albert M Ingham Michael C Gorse Robert A Beard Loren K |
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Affiliation: | Bourns College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research and Technology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA. durbin@cert.ucr.edu |
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Abstract: | The impact of the sulfur (S) content in lubricating oil was evaluated for four ultra-low-emission vehicles and two super-ultra-low-emission vehicles, all with low mileage. The S content in the lube oils ranged from 0.01 to 0.76%, while the S content of the gasoline was fixed at 0.2 ppmw. Vehicles were configured with aged catalysts and tested over the Federal Test Procedure, at idle and at 50-mph cruise conditions. In all testing modes, variations in the S level of the lubricant did not significantly affect the regulated gas-phase tailpipe emissions. In addition to the regulated gas-phase emissions, a key element of the research was measuring the engine-out sulfur dioxide (SO2) in near-real-time. This research used a new methodology based on a differential optical absorption spectrometer (DOAS) to measure SO2 from the lubricants used in this study. With the DOAS, the contribution of SO2 emissions for the highest-S lubricant was found to range from less than 1 to 6 ppm on a gasoline S equivalent basis over the range of vehicles and test cycles used. The development and operation of the DOAS is discussed in this paper. |
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