水库生态调度模型及算法研究

随着我国大规模流域开发，大量水库建设对河流生态系统造成了较大影响，如何通过水库合理调度来减轻水库对河流生态环境的负面影响，是当前水库运行调度研究中的一个热点问题。针对现行水库调度过分强调经济利益而忽视生态环境需水状况，致使部分大坝下游和库区发生生态环境退化的现象，从自然资源可持续发展的角度，探讨了水库生态调度的概念和任务，建立了水库生态调度多目标数学模型。该模型以经济效益、社会效益和生态环境效益组成的综合利用效益最大为目标函数，以综合利用要求为约束条件，包括灌溉、发电、航运、旅游、河口压咸和应急用水等。该模型为具有复杂约束条件的多目标规划模型。创建了可行搜索离散微分动态规划算法(FS DDDP算法)对该模型进行了求解。〖

ON RESERVOIR ECOLOGICAL OPERATION MODEL

With large-scale valley exploitation,the construction of a great number of reservoirs has exerted influence on the river ecosystem.How to mitigate the influence on river ecosystem by reservoir operation is a hot issue in the research of reservoir operation.Because the current reservoir operation emphasize the eco- nomic benefits but ignore ecology and environment,the ecology and environment,both in the reservoir and in the downstream,have been degraded.In the present paper,the concept and the tasks of reservoirs eco- logical operation from the view of natural resource sustainable development were discussed,and multi-ob- jective ecological operation model of reservoir was built,which take the maximum benefit of the integrated system as the objective function,including the benefit of economics,societies and ecological environment. The model is well elaborated by taking various constraint conditions with the demand of comprehensive uti- lization,including irrigation,generation of electricity,transportation,tour,desalting discharge in estuary and emergency water use etc.The paper gives a method of feasible search discrete differential dynamic pro- gramming(FS-DDDP method)for this model,which is valid to solve this type of model with complex con- straint conditions.The case study showed that both the model arid the method had reality and practicabili- ty.