松嫩平原西部碱尘气溶胶的时段变化及其气候影响因素分析

利用耦合等离子体发射光谱测试技术(ICP-AES)对松嫩平原西部2003年7月到2004年5月间获得的大气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)样品进行了元素分析,并结合气象资料和TSP质量浓度,初步确定了碱尘活动年际内的演变规律及其主要控制因素.结果表明,TSP质量浓度的高峰时段是早春,其元素总体浓度亦高于其它时段,其中Na元素浓度具有明显的高值,表明碱尘在该时段为TSP的主要成分;晚春时段区域沙尘影响加强,很难监测本地碱尘活动;夏季,碱尘的3种重要元素(Na、Ca、K)含量增加,表明夏季有碱尘活动,与TSP浓度偏高吻合;秋季,碱尘和区域沙尘的活动均减弱.影响碱尘活动的气候因子主要是风力、降水量、温度、日照和湿度,但不同时段其主导作用不同.

Seasonal changes of alkaline dust aerosol and its climate influencing factors in western Songnen Plain, North-east China

In Western Songnen Plain, element composition of the total suspended particles (TSP) were investigated employed ICP-AES, during July 2003 to May 2004. The seasonal changes of alkaline dust (ALD) and its major influenced factors were discussed. In early spring, both TSP and element concentrations were higher than other periods. The remarkable high concentration of element Na suggests ALD was the major component in TSP. TSP in late spring was strongly influenced by long distance transport mineral dust, resulting in unfavorable detection for local AD. In summer, the incresing contents of the major AD elements as Na, Ca, K presented the AD contribution to TSP concentration, accounting for the relatively higher TSP concentration in summer. In autumn, no obvious ALD and long distance transport mineral dust were detected. The seasonal changes in TSP concentration is controlled by the contribution of alkaline dust transport, predominately, influenced by the local meteorological circumstance such as wind strength as well as precipitation, temperature, moisture, and radiant intensity.