生物炭改良盐碱地研究与应用进展

盐碱地作为21世纪严重威胁粮食产量的农田问题土壤之一，分布广泛，具有极大的开发潜力.生物炭作为高效的新型土壤改良剂，在缓解土壤酸碱障碍、土壤污染治理、碳封存和肥料缓释等方面发挥了重要作用，有力地推动了盐碱地农业的可持续发展.近年来，关于生物炭改良盐碱地的研究和应用备受关注.但由于生物炭来源、结构和组分的复杂性和非均质性，其对盐碱地的改良效果存在极大的不确定，也缺乏关键机制的系统总结和深度探讨，这限制了生物炭技术在盐碱地改良中的进一步推广和应用.通过综合分析生物炭对盐碱地土壤理化性质、养分有效性和生物特征的影响，归纳总结生物炭和改性生物炭对盐碱地的改良效果及其提质增效作用，阐明生物炭在盐碱地改良中存在的可能机制，并对未来研究方向进行了展望，可为进一步研发绿色高效精准的盐碱地生物炭改良技术及其推广应用提供参考.

Research and Application Progress of Biochar in Amelioration of Saline-Alkali Soil

Saline-alkali land， as one of the farmland problems that seriously threatens grain yield in the 21st century， is widely distributed and has great potential for development. Biochar is a relatively efficient novel soil amendment， which can play an important role in alleviating the soil acid-base barrier， soil pollution control， carbon sequestration， and fertilizer slow release and has a great prospect in promoting sustainable agricultural development. In recent years， the research and application of biochar to improve saline-alkali soil have attracted much attention. However， due to the complexity and heterogeneity of the structural components of biochar， the improvement effect of biochar on saline-alkali soil is highly uncertain， and there is also a lack of systematic summary and in-depth discussion of the key mechanisms， which limits the further popularization and application of biochar technology in the improvement of saline-alkali soil. This study comprehensively analyzed the effects of biochar on physicochemical properties， nutrient availability， and biological characteristics of saline-alkali soil； summarized the improvement effects of biochar and modified biochar on saline-alkali soil and their effects on quality and efficiency； and elucidated the possible mechanism of biochar in the improvement of saline-alkali soil. The future research prospect of biochar was discussed in order to provide reference for further research and development of green， efficient， and accurate improvement technology of biochar in saline-alkali soil and its popularization and application.