水中微/纳塑料电化学检测及去除的研究进展

微/纳塑料（M/NPs）因颗粒小、易吸附和迁移性强等特点，广泛地分散在土壤、大气与水环境中，近年来在各大水体中均有检出.M/NPs作为一类新兴污染物，其生理毒性对人类健康产生很大的影响.目前该研究领域遇到的瓶颈在于对M/NPs的精准检测和高效去除.电化学技术因其在M/NPs的检测上表现出简携、灵敏和低成本等优势，对M/NPs的去除具有环保绿色、反应可控和效率高等优点，展现出巨大的应用潜力.以M/NPs的污染现状为出发点，对电化学技术应用于水环境中M/NPs的检测和去除进行了阐述和总结，分析了M/NPs的电化学传感方法以及传感器识别M/NPs的原理和特点，讨论了电絮凝、电吸附、电氧化和电还原技术对水体中M/NPs的去除效果及影响因素.结果表明，基于电化学传感方法检测M/NPs颗粒表现出良好的表征性能，通过电化学技术（电絮凝、电吸附、电氧化和电还原），M/NPs可被高效去除.电化学技术对M/NPs检测和去除的影响因素主要与传感器装置、电极材料、材料界面调控、参数条件和反应器体系有关.研究者未来应从传感器的设计、电极材料的开发和反应过程的优化这三方面聚焦，有望实现M/NPs从实验室的检测和去除转化到实际水体当中的应用.

Research Progress in Electrochemical Detection and Removal of Micro/Nano Plastics in Water

Micro/nano plastics （M/NPs） are widely dispersed in the soil， atmosphere， and water environment due to their small particle size， easy adsorption， and strong migration， and have been detected in all major water bodies in recent years. As a type of emerging pollutant， the physiological toxicity of M/NPs has a great impact on human health. The current bottleneck in this research field lies in the precise detection and efficient removal of M/NPs. Electrochemical technology， owing to its advantages of simple portability， sensitivity， and low cost in the detection of M/NPs， has the advantages of environmental friendliness， controllable reaction， and high efficiency in the removal of M/NPs， demonstrating enormous application potential. Based on the pollution status of M/NPs， the application of electrochemical technology to the detection and removal of M/NPs in the water environment was elaborated and summarized. The electrochemical sensing methods of M/NPs and the principles and characteristics of sensor recognition of M/NPs were analyzed. The removal efficiency and influencing factors of M/NPs in water by electro-flocculation， electro-adsorption， electro-oxidation， and electro-reduction technologies were also discussed. The results indicated that the detection of M/NPs particles using electrochemical sensing methods exhibited good characterization performance， and M/NPs could be efficiently removed through electrochemical techniques such as electrocoagulation， electro-adsorption， electro-oxidation， and electro-reduction. The influencing factors of electrochemical technology on the detection and removal of M/NPs were mainly related to sensor devices， electrode materials， material interface regulation， parameter conditions， and reactor systems. In the future， researchers should focus on the design of sensors， the development of electrode materials， and the optimization of reaction processes， which are expected to realize the application of M/NPs from laboratory detection and removal to actual water bodies.