高速动能弹撞击装甲结构引起的螺栓连接失效及部件过载损伤研究

目的 验证和揭示高速动能弹对装甲结构的损伤机理。方法 聚焦高速动能弹打击装甲目标时，弹道冲击造成的靶标结构连接失效及部件过载损伤这2种损伤效应，以典型螺栓连接为研究对象，采用高速球形弹丸撞击螺栓连接结构的小尺寸试验对数值模拟方法和材料模型参数进行校验。在此基础上，采用数值模拟和冲击响应谱分析方法对高速动能弹打击全尺寸坦克进行模拟分析，获得撞击过程螺栓连接失效特征、主要影响因素及坦克典型位置部件的冲击加速度曲线和冲击响应谱曲线。结果 在小尺寸试验中，动能输入为0.042MJ时，螺栓连接未发生失效；但25.6MJ动能输入全尺寸坦克时，螺栓发生断裂而使连接失效。数值模拟结果揭示了螺栓发生断裂的主要原因。结论 输入动能大小、连接螺栓直径、模拟设备部件质量和撞击位置为螺栓是否断裂的主要影响因素。坦克某些位置的冲击响应谱曲线高于军用标准给出的临界曲线的下限甚至上限，表明这些位置的部件因高过载损伤导致失效的概率较高。

Investigation of Failure of Bolt Connection and Damage of Overloaded Component Caused by Armored Structure Impacted by High Velocity Kinetic Energy Projectile

The work aims to verify and reveal the damage mechanisms of armored structure impacted by high velocity kinetic energy projectiles. Firstly, concentrated on the two mainly damage effects of failure of connections and damage of overloaded component caused by armored structure impacted by high velocity kinetic energy projectiles, and with the bolt connection as the typical example, the methods and materials model parameters of numerical simulation were validated by the conducted small scale tests of structure of bolt connection impacted by the high velocity sphere projectile. Secondly, the full scale tank impacted by high velocity kinetic energy projectiles was investigated by the numerical simulation and the analytical methods of shock response spectrum, and the failure characterization of bolt connections, the mainly influencing factors, and the acceleration curves and shock response spectrum curves of the typical positions on the tank were obtained. The results showed that, the input kinetic energy value of 0.042 MJ in the small scale test could not cause the fracture of bolts, whereas, the input kinetic energy value of 25.6 MJ in the full scale tank could cause the failure of connections due to the fracture of bolts. The main reason of fracture of bolts was revealed by the results of numerical simulations. The value of input kinetic energy, the diameter of connected bolts, the mass of the simulated components and the impacted position are the main influencing factors for fracture of bolts. The shock response spectrum curves of some positions on the tank are higher than the lower limit and even the upper limit of military standard, which shows that the components on these positions present high probability of failure due to the damage of overloaded.