都市农业发展的功能定位体系研究

中国城市化进程加速迫切需要人们重新认识农业发展的特点与作用。20世纪80年兴起的都市农业变传统农业单一生产模式向多功能化发展。它有助于在城市社会来临之际,重新对农业进行定位,为城乡协调发展提供途径。鉴于我国都市农业发展急需理论指导,本文从都市农业相关的学科背景出发,详细评述和总结了各学科对都市农业价值功能的认识,提出了要从社会、经济、环境和空间的综合系统对都市农业发展进行定位。并建议应遵循整体功能的阶段性和适宜的发展形式,推动我国都市农业的发展。要注意发挥和协调各功能间的相互作用与演进,将都市农业纳入到城乡统筹规划之中。

Positioning Role and Function of Urban Agriculture

The accelerating process of urbanization in China calls for re-examining and repositioning the role of agriculture.Urban agriculture,as an effective way to promote the urban-rural linkage and integration,has become a popular issue worldwide since the 1980s,which intends to change the function of agriculture in urban and peri-urban areas from a single food production into a multifunctional role by providing food as well as other services.This concept is particularly important in the urbanization age when the coordination and harmonization of urban and rural sustainable development become a crucial matter to the society.Given many mega-city regions in China involved in urban agriculture and facing challenges from lack of theoretical support in their strategic policy made to strengthen urban agricultural development,this paper is trying to discuss and summarize the various perspectives of urban agriculture in different disciplines. Based on this,the paper proposes a comprehensive framework for positioning the role and function of urban agriculture in terms of social,economic,environmental and spatial dimensions,which forms an interactive system.The paper argues then in this interactive system that the role of urban agriculture experiences four stages with four respective aims from low to high,i.e.maintaining social stability by providing food for the poor,strengthening urban-rural linkages by integrating agriculture into urban economic system,optimizing spatial organization by coordinating urban and peri-urban areas through implementing an integral plan for the whole extended metropolitan regions,and enhancing the urban environmental quality by providing ecological protection zones and bio-diversity.To most cities in China,the second and third aims are still the priority.Therefore,suitable forms should be taken in realizing these goals,including integrating urban agriculture into the urban planning so that a harmonizing urban-rural development will be reached eventually.