前郭灌区居民发汞含量及影响因素研究

从第二松花江(二松)下游的前郭灌区内采集了120名居民的头发样品(发样),测定了发样中的总汞(发汞)含量,分析了人体汞累积的影响因素,评价了当地居民的汞暴露风险水平.结果表明,居民发汞含量为0.15～1.01mg/kg,平均含量为0.56mg/kg.其中,男性发汞平均含量为0.55mg/kg,略低于女性发汞平均含量(0.60mg/kg).随年龄的增长,居民发汞含量呈现先增长后降低的趋势.其中,低于20岁人群的发汞含量最低,平均值为0.47mg/kg;40～50岁人群发汞含量最高,平均值为0.73mg/kg;发汞含量与个体性别、身高、体重等生理特征及吸烟、饮酒、食鱼量等生活习惯的相关关系不显著.120份发样中,仅有1例发汞含量超过了美国环保局制定的参考剂量(RFD)限值(1.00mg/kg).本研究表明,目前二松下游居民的汞暴露风险水平已经很低,长期提取二松江水灌溉对当地居民健康未构成威胁.据此推断,以二松为主要水源的哈达山水库建成后,通过灌溉对当地居民健康造成的影响也较低.

Human Hair Mercury Levels and the Influencing Factors of the Residents Living in Qianguo Irrigation Area

To understand the current mercury exposure level of the residents living within the Second Songhua River basin, 120 hair samples were collected from Qianguo Irrigation Area in the downstream of the basin. The total mercury contents in hair samples were determined and the influencing factors were analyzed. The results showed that the range of the total mercury contents was 0.15-1.01 mg/kg and the average value was 0.56 mg/kg. The average hair mercury content of male residents was 0.55 mg/kg while that of female residents was 0.60 mg/kg. The total hair mercury firstly increased and then gradually decreased with the increasing of age. The lowest mean hair mercury value(0.47 mg/kg) was detected in the residents with the age of 0-20 and the highest mean hair mercury value(0.73 mg/kg) was detected in the residents with the age of 40-50. Among the other factors influencing human hair mercury contents, the gender, height, body weight, fish consumption, smoking and wine-drinking showed no significant correlations with the hair mercury contents. Only one hair sample was detected with greater mercury content than the limitation(1.00 mg/kg) established by USEPA, suggesting low mercury exposure risks in the area. This investigation indicated the historical pollution of the Second Songhua River hadn't lead health risks to the residents of the region and the irrigation using water from the river after the building of the Hadashan Reservoir would cause low environmental risks.