天南星（Arisaema erubescens Schott）对钉螺（Oncomlania hupensis）的毒杀作用

近年来,血吸虫病在我国又有回升的势头,采用植物灭螺进而消灭血吸虫病是控制血吸虫病蔓延的有效方法.实验研究了一种新型灭螺植物——天南星(ArisaemaerubescertsSchott)的灭螺效果和机理.采用天南星植物水浸液用于灭螺(Oncomlaniahupensis)实验,并检测天南星处理后钉螺肝脏生理生化指标的变化.结果显示,天南星全株均具有较强的灭螺效果,其中块茎灭螺效果最好:0.1%块茎水浸液处理3天后钉螺死亡率达88.4%,5天后达100%;天南星不同部位的灭螺效果为:块茎>叶>茎.天南星块茎水浸液处理钉螺后,随处理浓度的增加和处理时间的延长,钉螺肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高,而过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著降低.天南星水浸液可引起钉螺肝细胞的过氧化损伤,导致其抗氧化能力下降,从而降低了其代谢和解毒功能.研究结果表明,天南星是一种具有良好灭螺效果的植物,可成为构建植物群落生态工程灭螺林新的物种资源.

The Toxicity Effect of Arisaema erubescens Schott on Oncomlania hupensis

To reveal the mechanism and the effect of A risaema erubescens Schott against Oncomlania hupensis, the experiments were conducted in greenhouse by killing O. hupensis with the water extracts of A. erubescens. The physiological indices of liver after treatments with the water extract of tubers were also detected in this experiment. It was found that the water extracts of A. erubescens could kill O. hupensis effectively, especially, that of tubers. Mortality of O. hupensis was 88.4% after treatment with 0.1% water extract of tuber for 3d and 100% for 5d. The order of the plant parts against 0. hupensis: tuber> leaf>stem. MDA content and the activities of POD and SOD of liver treated with the water extracts of A. erubescens tuber were detected. It was found that MDA contents were 225.8% and 306.9% of controls after treating with 0.1% and 1% of water extracts of tubers for 24h, respectively. The MDA content of liver after treatment with 0.1% water extract of tubers for 48h was 129.6% of that after treatment for 24h. The activities of POD and SOD in the treated liver were significantly decreased except that in 0.1% treatment for 24h. The results in the study indicated that the water extracts of the total A. erubescens could kill 0. hupensis effectively, especially, that of tubers. An oxidative damage and a significant decrease of antioxidant capacity of 0. hupensis liver were caused by the water extracts of tubers, which might play an important role in decreasing the detoxification capacity of liver and finally, leading to the death of 0. hupensis.