全过程固体废物管理研究进展及其对我国相关管理的启示

当某种固态、半固态物质不再具有原有的价值，它就成了固体废物，并可能在产生、排放、收集、贮存、运输、利用、处理和处置过程的任何一个或多个环节产生对环境的污染危害。对固体废物进行全过程监督管理因而显得尤为重要。本文回顾了全过程固体废物管理实施方法，包括生命周期清单和生命周期评价方法，用于废物管理系统的模型，在固体废物产生量预测、收集系统最优化以及处理处置设施选址等步骤中，各自所用不同方法的进展，以及在一些较发达国家和地区的管理实例。最后讨论了这些进展对我国固体废物相关管理的启示。

Development of Integrated Solid Waste Management System and Its Enlightenments for Domestic Management

Solid materials become solid wastes when it has no more inherent value. These solid wastes may pollute the environment during their processes of production, discharge, collection, storage, transportation, utilization, treatment and disposal. Consequently it is very important to implement an integrated solid waste management during the processes. This paper reviews the development of integrated solid waste management including Life Cycle Inventory and Life Cycle Assessment, which are used as models in solid waste management system to estimate waste production, optimize the collection system and select sites. Some foreign examples are provided. In conclusion, the enlightenments to improve the process of integrated solid waste management in China are summarized.