新疆博尔塔拉蒙古族自治州水资源开发利用中的若干问题探讨

本文从宏观角度对博州水资源的开发利用作了详细的研究。通过分析博州现行的水资源利用状况,找出以往开发利用中存在的问题及原因,运用结构分析方法,借助系统动力学(SD)建模手段,构造了博州水资源系统的宏观调控结构分析模型。通过观察和比较模型的输出结果,最后提出以从农业生产中挖潜节水为主攻方向,来解决博州水资源开发利用中现存的各种问题和作为今后制定各种水资源政策的参考。本研究将区域水资源开发利用问题归结为系统宏观控制问题,并在方法上作了一些探索。

A RESEARCH ON SOME PROBLEMS IN THE EXPLOITATION AND USE OF WATER RESOURCES OF BORTALA MONGOLIAN AUTONOMOUSPREFECTURE

The problems of water resources use of Bortala Mongolian Autonomous prefecture are system ones. Because of the arid region location and unresonable exploitation and use of water resources, there arised many problems in this prefecture. (1) The surface water current can not be successfully regulated. This make a severe problem of seasonal deficiency of water supply. (2) As the management of water resources is not appropriate, the irrigation water amount is high, the leakage of irrigation canal is severe, and the rising of underground water level makes some farmland salinazed and alkalinazed. (3) Because a large amount of water resources is used in oases, the Aibi lake is drying and then incurs many environmental problems. To deal with these problems, a macroscopic regulation and control model of water resources exploitation and use written in System Dynamic simulation language is developed. Under the background of water balance and the principle of synthesis benefits, through computer simulation we finished some tactical experiments. At last, we recommend a tactic of decreasing the irrigation index by 20% to solve the water resource problems of this prefecture.In this research, we regard the regional water resource problems as system ones and make some explorations in the methods of solving these problems.