建筑物通道内火灾烟气运动的数值模拟

发生在各种长通道内的建筑火灾受到人们越来越多的关注.研究此类火灾烟气运动的特点,对于发展火灾烟气控制技术,减少烟气对人员的伤害具有重要的意义.应用场模拟方法,对有自然通风的建筑物通道内的火灾烟气运动进行了数值模拟.模拟得到的通道内烟气温度的分层分布与实验数据基本相符合,烟气对环境空气卷吸量的计算值也与已有经验关系式的结果相一致.利用数值模拟还研究了释热率对通道内火灾烟气运动的影响.结果表明,在有自然通风的条件下,释热率的增大对通道上层热烟气的温度和速度有较明显的影响,导致火灾的危害性变大.

Numerical simulation of the fire smoke flow in the corridor of a building

The present paper is aimed at introducing the authors' numerical simulation for the corridor fire smoke flow in a building by applying a field model, in hoping to study how to prevent and control the situation by following the regularity of the fire and smoke movement. As is known, each year in our country lots of damages and casualties are caused by such fire and smoke-stuffing accidents and therefore great attention should be paid to the prevention and reduction of such disasters. In the paper, careful calculation of stratification of the gas temperature distribution has been done by its authors, which agrees on the whole with the measuring data. The resultant mass flow rates of the air entering into the corridor we have worked out also prove to be in conformity with the results given by the experimental correlation. The effects of heat release rate on the fire smoke flow in the corridor are investigated by means of the numerical simulation the paper has developed. And, finally, the data and information obtained in the simulation indicate that, under the condition of natural ventilation, the increase in heat release rate has obvious influence on the smoke temperature and velocity in the upper strata of the corridor, which are likely to lead to more hazards for the fire-induced smoke.