复合菌剂强化餐厨垃圾好氧生物处理性能研究

为探索复合菌剂对餐厨垃圾好氧生物处理过程和腐熟效果的影响,利用4组自制的堆肥反应器进行小规模试验。以木屑为辅料,分别投加适用于常温条件下有机质分解的菌剂碧沃丰®除污(WD)、前期筛选制备的复合耐高温菌剂(TB)和WD+TB复合微生物菌剂,以不投菌为空白组(CK),通过测定堆体总重、温度、含水率、干基有机质含量、pH值、水溶性氨氮及硝态氮、腐殖化系数(E465/E665)、电导率(EC)、种子发芽率指数(germination index GI),研究处理过程。结果表明,初始含水率为(63.5±0.5)%,初始干基有机质含量为(96.6±0.9)%,初始碳氮比为34.9±2.7,辅料20%(质量分数),接种量25 mL/kg下,(WD+TB)组堆料高温期持续时间最长、温度峰值最高,可持续7d 50 ℃以上高温,最高温度达到72 ℃;总重减量率和有机质减量率最高,分别为80.7%和64.3%,日均有机质减量率是CK组的2.13倍;水溶性氨氮和E4/E6最低,种子发芽率指数 (96.3±26.7)%最高。说明WD+TB复合微生物菌剂可以有效提升餐厨垃圾好氧生物处理效果,并显著提高堆肥效率。

IMPROVEMENT OF FOOD WASTE AEROBIC BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PERFORMANCE BY COMPOUND MICROBIAL AGENTS

In a small-scale experiment, four groups of self-made composting reactors were used to explore the effect of compound microbial agents on the aerobic biological treatment process and composting effect of food wastes. Using sawdust as an auxiliary material, the heterotrophic bacteria from BIOFORM ® Waste Digester (WD), the composite thermostable bacteria screened and prepared in previous study (TB), and the mixture of WD+TB were added separately. The no bacteria group was selected as the control (CK). The total weight of pile, temperature, moisture, organic matter content of dry matter, pH value and seed germination index (GI) were determined to study the treatment process. The results showed that when the initial moisture content, organic matter content of dry matter, C/N, amount of auxiliary materials (weight ratio of food waste) and amount of bacteria were (63.5±0.5)%, (96.6±0.9)%, 34.9±2.7, 20% and 25 mL/kg respectively, (WD+TB) group had the longest high temperature period and the highest temperature peak. During the 15-day trial period, (WD+TB) group performed best in terms of total weight loss rate (80.7%), the organic matter loss rate (64.3%) and the daily mean organic matter reduction rate (2.13 times of CK), with the lowest water soluble ammonia nitrogen content and E4/E6, and the highest germination rate index (96.3±26.7)%. This composite microbial agent (WD+TB) could effectively improve the aerobic biological treatment effect of food waste and significantly improve the composting efficiency.