氯代吡啶类污染物吸附与转化技术研究进展及挑战

氯代吡啶类除草剂的大量生产及在农业生产和生活中的广泛应用,使其在废水、饮用水等环境中被不断检出,对生态环境和人类健康造成潜在危害。氯代吡啶类农药残留及其高效去除与转化技术,是水环境污染控制研究的热点和难点。从结构上看,碳氯键断裂是实现氯代吡啶类化合物降解的关键所在。基于国内外研究进展,综述了此类污染物的去除转化技术,从污染物吸附、高级氧化处理、催化氢化及耦合联用技术等角度,系统阐述了污染物去除转化的关键因素、相关工艺作用机制及现存技术挑战。在现有技术中,吸附法仍面临新型吸附材料研发、吸附剂再生等问题;高级氧化技术污染物矿化率高,但氧化效率低、运营成本高;催化氢化法定向选择催化降解污染物,但存在污染物降解不完全的问题;生物处理技术经济有效,但对污染物的去除转化率仍有待提高。研究表明:由于氯代吡啶类污染物的难降解特性及各工艺的局限性,单一的处理技术难以实现污染物矿化,多种处理方法联用是实现污染物高效去除的可行策略。开展环境中氯代吡啶类污染物的转化技术与机制研究,可为实现风险性污染物高效脱毒、降解提供参考。

ADSORPTION AND TRANSFORMATION OF CHLOROPYRIDINE: RESEARCH ADVANCES AND CHALLENGES

The mass production of chloropyridine herbicides and their wide application in agricultural production and daily life causes them to be continuously detected in wastewater, drinking water, and other environments, and possesses potential hazards to the ecological environment and human health. How to effectively remove chloropyridine contaminants becomes a focus in the field of water pollution control. In terms of compound structure, the breaking of the C-Cl bond is critical to the degradation of chloropyridine compounds. This work provides an overview of research advances in the removal of chloropyridine contaminants and challenges. Related strategies including adsorption, advanced oxidation methods, catalytic hydrogenation and coupling technologies, etc., have demonstrated an excellent pollutant detoxification effect. The mechanisms, process parameters, and major challenges of pollutants removal are discussed in detail. The adsorption method faces problems such as difficulty in degrading pollutants, developing new adsorbent materials, and adsorbent regeneration. Advanced oxidation technology has a high pollutant mineralization rate, but its disadvantages are low oxidation efficiency and high operating cost. The catalytic hydrogenation degraded pollutants directionally, but the degradation is still incomplete. Biological treatment technology is economical and effective, but the removal rate of pollutants still needs to be improved. The studies indicate that due to the refractory characteristics of chloropyridine contaminants, it is efficient to remove the pollutants with independent treatment technology. The combination of multiple treatment methods is a feasible strategy for the efficient removal of pollutants. Researches on the transformation technologies and mechanisms of chloropyridine in the environment have important theoretical and practical guiding value for the efficient detoxification and degradation of risk pollutants.