高海拔地区与低海拔地区污水处理系统中微生物群落特征分析对比

从污水处理系统中微生物群落结构特征分析入手,利用高通量基因测序技术对高海拔地区(西藏)与低海拔地区(无锡)生活污水处理厂污泥样品中的微生物群落结构进行分析和对比。结果表明:高海拔地区各样品的Simpson指数(0.993~0.994)和Shannon指数(8.388~8.668)均高于低海拔地区的数值,但实际处理效率却低于低海拔环境。高海拔地区样品中丰度最高的菌属为Haliangium和Ferruginibacter,丰度分别为6.5%~10.3%和5.6%~6.4%,与去除水中的生化需氧量相关,而在低海拔地区样品中丰度最高的菌属为Hyphomicrobium,丰度为7.8%~11.4%,与污水处理的脱氮功能相关。在低海拔地区,具有除磷功能的聚磷假丝酵母菌(Candidatus accumulibacter)的丰度值为1.3%,但是在高海拔地区的样品中却未检测到其存在, 而是由Tetrasphaera(丰度1.2%~1.6%)和黄杆菌(Flavobacterium,丰度0.57%~0.70%)替代。环境条件的主成分分析结果表明,与高海拔地区的菌属种类分布相关性最高的环境因素为TN浓度,其次为TP、NH₄+-N和DO浓度。高海拔环境下,COD和BOD₅对微生物菌落分布的影响明显低于低海拔环境。

COMPARISON OF CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS OF HIGH ALTITUDE AREA AND LOW ALTITUDE AREA

The characteristics of the microbial community structure in the sewage treatment plants in the high altitude (Tibet) and low altitude (Wuxi) areas were analyzed and compared by using the high throughput gene sequencing. The results showed that the Simpson index (0.993~0.994) and Shannon index (8.388~8.668) of each sample from high altitude area was higher than that of the low altitude area, but the actual processing efficiency was lower than that of the low altitude area. The highest abundance of bacteria in sludge of high altitude were Haliangium and Ferruginibacter, ranged from 6.5% to 10.3% and from 5.6% to 6.4%, which were associated with the removal of COD. However, the highest abundance of bacteria in the sample of low altitude area was Hyphomicrobium, and the abundance was between 7.8% and 11.4%, which was associated with the function of wastewater treatment denitrification. In low altitude area sample, Candidatus accumulibacter(with the function of phosphorus removal) was detected with an abundance of 1.3%, but not detected in high altitude area sample, replaced by the Tetrasphaera (the abundance range was between 1.2% and 1.6%) and Flavobacterium (the abundance range was between 0.57% and 0.7%). The principal component analysis (PCA) results on environmental conditions showed that the highest correlation with the distribution of bacterial species in high altitude area was the concentration of total nitrogen (TN), followed by the concentration of total phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen (NH₄+-N) and dissolved oxygen (DO). In high altitude area, the effects of COD and BOD₅ on microbial colony distribution were significantly lower than these in low altitude area.