陕西省永寿县大骨节病的生态环境研究

本研究采用野外考察和病点与非病点的对比调查、室内化学测试分析及环境和医学地理制图结合的方法,考察永寿县境内的大骨节病病情与地貌、土壤、饮水类型、作物种植比例、膳食构成、生活习惯和社会经济状况等关系.首次证明了环境要素中的硒含量与大骨节病病情程度的负相关关系.此外,还从水、土、粮、发化学元素含量与大骨节病X线检出率的对比和相关分析中探索到病区环境中的锌、铅、钴含量低,铁、钼含量高:水中腐殖酸含量与大骨节病患病率亦有良好的相关。这些都为该病的病因是否由多种因素产生的设想提供了线索.

ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH ON KASCHIN-BECK'S DISEASE IN YONGSHOU COUNTY

Research on ecological environment of the Kaschin-Beck's disease has been conducted from 1979 to 1982 in Yongshou county. Investigation has been carried out of the characteristics of macroscopic geographic environment and microscopic chemical ecological environment in Yongshou county, and, in addition, their relationship with the Kaschin-Beck's disease.By means of a typical survey of 119 sites in that affected and non-affected area, there has been made a through investigation of an obvious relationship between physical environment in the loess area represanted by Yongshou county and Kaschin-Beck's disease. Of those, geomorpho-logy has shown the most evident effect. The types of soils and water sources also have certain impact on disease, incidence. Serious disease regions are scattered on erosed top and edge of the slope covered by loess. The soils there are of red earth, double colour soil, erosion heilutu (dark loessial soil), yellow shantu (cultivated loessial soil). Types of most of the water sources are of cellar water,penetrated water from the loess. The light disease regions are in the center of Yuan (local loess plateau) and low and flat accumulated area. The soil is the buried huangheilutu (buried dark loessial soil)covered by a cultivated accumulated layer, loutu (manurial loessial soil), chaotu (cultivated meadow soil). The water source is the crack water and deep well water.A systematic analysis and test for chemical elements in the environment and human hair have shown the obvious correlation with selenium content, namely in the water, soil, food, and hair which is low in the affected areas, and a negative correlation with X-ray detactable rate of Kaschin-Beck's disease.The test for humic acid also indicated that there was a negative correlation with content of selenium and positive correlation with disease incidence. Besides, it has been found that content of zinc and chromium is low in affected region while that of molybdenum, cadmium is comparatively high. All of these give out an idea of how complex the disease is on a good scientific basis.There is presented a model showing that chemical environment is the reason of the disease, and the suggestion of increasing selenium content to improve environment and prevent epidemic of Kaschin-Beck's disease.