开放型公共场所应急疏散标识优化设计方法研究

为优化设计开放型公共场所的应急疏散标识,根据最短疏散时间、出口匹配原则建立两步优化模型,利用计算机仿真技术及数学优化模型,对开放型公共场所的疏散方案进行优化,合理分配各出口的疏散人数,对区域进行划分并设置相应的疏散标识。以某广场为例,运用上述方法进行疏散标识的优化设计,验证了该方法的可行性和适用性。优化结果表明,各出口的疏散人数分别调整至为282、143、152和424人后,疏散时间较初始状态降低了45.3%。该优化设计方法不仅可为开放型公共场所应急疏散标识的设置提供支持,还可为其他场所制定疏散方案、设置疏散指引标识提供参考。

Optimal design method of emergency evacuation signs at open public places

The emergency evacuation of open public spaces has become one of the hot issues of public safety. In this paper, a two-step optimization model is established to optimize the emergency evacuation signs at open public places, based on principles of shortest evacuation time and exit matching. The evacuation planning of open public places is optimized via computer simulation technology and mathematical optimization model. By this model, the numbers of evacuees for each exit are reasonably distributed, and the regions are divided, with the emergency evacuation signs set up accordingly. An example of a certain square is presented by which the feasibility and applicability of the model are verified. The results show that when the numbers of evacuees for each exit are adjusted to 282, 143, 152 and 424, the evacuation time decreases by 45.3 percent compared to the initial state.