生命周期评价在我国乙烯行业环境评估中的应用

采用IMPACT 2002+方法对我国的乙烯行业进行了生命周期评价(LCA)研究,分析了包括原油生产、原煤生产、原料生产、乙烯生产和电力生产5个环节在内的13种污染物排放对乙烯行业的环境影响.结果表明,乙烯工业对不可再生能源原油的消耗,对温室效应、呼吸效应和水体酸化等的环境影响潜值最为严重.减少乙烯生产环节和原料生产环节(炼油过程)的SO2、NOx、CO2等气体的排放,以及原油开采过程的CH4逸放,是改善环境影响的关键因素.同时,以石脑油为原料裂解乙烯工艺比以轻烃为原料制乙烯工艺对环境的影响要小.而煤制烯烃工艺对环境影响较大,仍具有一定改进空间.总体来看,经过近十年发展,我国乙烯行业对资源利用效率和缓解尾气排放两方面都有显著的提升.

Application of life cycle assessment of ethylene process in China

The environmental effect analysis for the ethylene process from five production processes including crude oil, crude coal, raw material, ethylene and electricity in China was studied through life cycle assessment (LCA) approach by IMPACT 2002+, which covered thirteen impact factors. It was found that the impact of non-renewable energy, global warming, respiratory effects and aquatic acidification played a dominant contribution. The most contribution from non-renewable energy was crude oil. The effect of SO₂, NO_x, CO₂ produced by ethylene production and material production as well as CH₄ released from oil extraction were the main contributors on the environmental impact, which were the key factors for reducing the environmental effect for ethylene process in China. The environmental impact of ethylene production using naphtha as raw material was smaller than that from light hydrocarbon. However, coal to olefin process should be further improved because of larger environmental impact. It can also be seen that consumption of resource and emission of pollutants have made great progress after several decades of development.