液体火箭共底破裂爆炸安全设防距离

针对航天发射场一旦发生低温推进剂泄漏而导致火箭爆炸,会对人员和财产造成重大损失的问题,采用TNT当量模型和TNO(The Netherlands Organization)多能模型计算不同摩尔百分比的氢氧推进剂混合反应时产生爆炸冲击波的危害性,并模拟爆炸冲击波造成的事故影响范围,然后对两种模型的仿真结果加以对比分析,根据最不利原则选取出最终需要的结果,最后划分出安全设防距离。由仿真结果可知,不同的氢氧混合摩尔百分比造成的爆炸后果不同,同时TNT当量模型在爆炸近场处高估了爆炸超压值,在爆炸远场处低估了爆炸超压值,而TNO多能模型在理论上有效地对这一缺陷进行了弥补。对航天发射场的安全布局起到了一定的参考价值。

Fortification distance for prevention of liquid rocket explosion

Leakage of cryogenic propellants at a space launch center may lead to rocket explosion, causing great losses. In this paper, we use the TNT equivalent model and the TNO （The Netherlands Organization） model to evaluate the risk of shock wave for different mole percentages of reaction in hydrogen and oxygen propellant mixed. The effects of the accident caused by the blast are also simulated. The simulation results of the two models are analyzed and compared. The results are determined by the principles of most unfavorable conditions. Finally the fortification distance is partitioned. The simulation results show that different molar percentages of hydrogen and oxygen mixed cause different consequences of explosion. It is found that the TNT equivalent model overestimates the value of explosion overpressure in the blast near-field and underestimates the explosion overpressure in the blast far-field. The TNO multi-energy model, however, can overcome these limitations effectively in theory.