O3和UV-B共同作用对大豆干物质和产量的影响

为揭示O₃和UV-B共同作用对大豆干物质和产量的影响,以大豆“八月黄”为供试材料,利用OTC(开顶式气室)和紫外灯模拟O₃和UV-B共同作用环境,研究大豆干物质和产量的变化. 结果表明:与对照组相比,T1(UV-B辐射增强10%左右)、T2(100nL/L O₃与增强10%左右的UV-B复合)和T3(150nL/L O₃与增强10%左右的UV-B复合)处理下,成熟期大豆株高分别降低了12.73%、12.78%和14.15%；w〔Chl(a+b)〕分别减少了-1.16%(P>0.05)、34.20%(P<0.05)和57.38%(P<0.05)；净光合速率(P_n)分别下降了11.50%、46.65%和48.58%；单株干物质质量显著降低(P<0.05),分别减少了31.02%、61.35%和67.53%；大豆产量分别减少了4.13%、54.09%和79.34%. O₃和UV-B对大豆的生长和干物质累积均有不利影响,并且存在一定的协同影响,2个因子共同作用对大豆生长和干物质累积更为不利；O₃和UV-B共同作用下大豆产量的降低主要是由粒数和粒质量降低所致. 

Effects of Enhance of UV-B Radiation and O3Concentration on Dry Matter and Yield of Soybean

During the last several decades, the concentration of stratospheric ozone (O₃) significantly reduced, and further caused an increment in ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation approaching to the earth surface. Both tropospheric O₃ and UV-B have adverse effects on the yield and safety of crops. The combination of increased tropospheric O₃ concentration and elevated UV-B could cause reduction in biochemical and physiological characteristic of economic plants and crops. To reveal the effects of enhanced UV-B and O₃ concentration on dry matter and yield of soybean (Glycine max, Yellow August), open-top chambers (OTCs) and UV lights were used to simulate the enhanced O₃ concentration and supplemental UV-B radiation. The results showed that, compared with the control group CK (natural solar UV-B irradiance, ambient air with approximately 50nL/L O₃), the plant height of T1(10% higher level of UV-B intensity, ambient air with approximately 50nL/L O₃), T2(100nL/L O_3and 10% higher level of UV-B intensity) and T3(150nL/L O_3and 10% higher level of UV-B intensity) decreased by 12.73%, 12.78% and 14.15%, respectively; Chlorophyll content decreased by -1.16% (P>0.05), 34.20% (P<0.05) and 57.38% (P<0.05); Net photosynthetic rate (Pn) fell 11.50%, 46.65% and 48.58%; Dry matter accumulation decreased by 31.02% (P<0.05), 61.35% (P<0.05) and 67.53% (P<0.05) respectively; Yield reduced by 4.13%, 54.09% and 79.34% respectively. Both O₃ and UV-B had negative effects on soybean growth and dry matter accumulation, and the composite group had a significant adverse impact on soybean growth. Soybean yield was strongly inhabited under the combination of enhanced O_3and UV-B radiation by showing the reduction of grain numbers and grain weight.