东北野生五味子种群特征及其与环境因子的关系

五味子(Schisandra chinensis)是著名的传统中药材,主要分布在我国东北地区. 受过度采摘和毁林开荒等不科学利用方式的影响,野生五味子资源急剧恶化. 沿长白山山脉和小兴安岭山脉调查了17个野生五味子种群,分析了种群特征、环境因子特征及二者的相关关系. 结果表明:①五味子果实质量与纬度呈极显著负相关,基径与海拔呈显著正相关,而种群密度空间分布规律不明显；五味子果实质量、基径和种群密度间不存在显著相关性. ②五味子果实千粒质量和基径平均值分别为(69.05±12.80) g和(0.61±0.13)cm,种群密度大,约50%五味子种群密度达到4级(>1.5～2.0株/m2). ③五味子野生种群采样点的土壤pH(5.34～6.98)呈酸性；w(SOC)(SOC为土壤有机碳)在4.42%～18.47%之间,差异较大；w(TN)、w(TK)和w(TP)平均值分别为0.72%±0.28%、1.74%±0.31%和0.10%±0.03%. ④年降水量在474~928mm之间；年日照时长变化幅度小,在2219.3～2703.7h之间；年均气温和年均相对湿度的平均值分别为(3.46±1.44) ℃和68.9%±2.7%. 主成分分析表明,五味子果实质量受环境因子影响显著,其中年均气温的影响最大,其次是w(TP)、w(TN)、w(SOC)和年降水量；而基径和种群密度受环境因子的影响不显著. 对野生五味子种群生长限制因子的分析结果可为该种群保护、人工栽培与调控奠定理论基础. 

Population Characteristics of Wild Schisandra chinensis in the Northeast of China and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors

Schisandra chinensis is a popular traditional Chinese medicine, which mainly distributed in the Northeast of China. However, the resources of wild S. chinensis were have been sharply declined due to the influence of over-harvesting, deforestation and other irrational utilize ways. Totally seventeen populations of the wild species distributed along the Changbai Mountains and the Lesser Khingan Mountains were investigated. We analyzed the characteristics of populations and environmental factors, as well as their correlations. The results showed that:1) The weight of S. chinensis fruit was significantly negatively correlated with the latitude while the basal diameter of the species was significantly positively correlated with the elevation. However, no significant spatial distribution pattern existed for the population density. Furthermore, there was not a significant correlation between the fruit weight, the basal diameter and the population density. 2) The average weight of the fruit and the base diameter were (69.05±12.80) g and (0.61±0.13) cm respectively. About 50% of the population density could fulfill the standards of class 4(1.5individuals/m2< class 4≤ 2individuals/m2). 3) The pH of the soil where the wild S. chinensis grew varied from 5.34to 6.98. The organic carbon contents in the soil significantly varied from 4.42% to 18.47%. The average values of the total nitrogen (N), potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) in the soil were 0.72%±0.28%, 1.74%±0.31% and 0.10%±0.03%, respectively. 4) The annual precipitation significantly varied from 474to 928mm. Reversely, the variation of the annual sunshine hours was very narrow (2219.3-2703.7 h). The annual average atmospheric temperature and relative humidity were (3.46±1.44)℃ and 68.9%±2.7%, respectively. The analysis results of the principal component analysis showed that the fruit weight was significantly affected by environmental factors, in which the annual average atmospheric temperature was the greatest followed by the total P, N, organic carbon content and the annual precipitation. However, the basal diameter and population density were not significantly affected by environmental factors. The results could provide a theoretical basis for S. chinensis cultivation and would be helpful for promotion of the sustainable use of S. chinensis resources.