Molecular properties of a fermented manure preparation used as field spray in biodynamic agriculture |
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Authors: | R Spaccini P Mazzei A Squartini M Giannattasio A Piccolo |
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Institution: | 1. Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta, dell??Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali (DiSSPAPA), Universit?? di Napoli Federico II, Via Universit?? 100, 80055, Portici, Italy 2. Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per la Spettroscopia di Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare (CERMANU), Via Universit?? 100, 80055, Portici, Italy 3. Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Agrarie, Universit?? di Padova, Viale dell??Universit?? 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy 4. Servizio di Allergologia, Ospedale San Gallicano, IFO, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
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Abstract: | Manure products fermented underground in cow horns and commonly used as field spray (preparation 500) in the biodynamic farming system, were characterized for molecular composition by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance 13?C cross-polarization magic-angle-spinning NMR (13?C-CPMAS-NMR)] spectroscopy and offline tetramethylammonium hydroxide thermochemolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Both thermochemolysis and NMR spectroscopy revealed a complex molecular structure, with lignin aromatic derivatives, polysaccharides, and alkyl compounds as the predominant components. CPMAS-NMR spectra of biodynamic preparations showed a carbon distribution with an overall low hydrophobic character and significant contribution of lignocellulosic derivatives. The results of thermochemolysis confirmed the characteristic highlighted by NMR spectroscopy, revealing a molecular composition based on alkyl components of plant and microbial origin and the stable incorporation of lignin derivatives. The presence of biolabile components and of undecomposed lignin compounds in the preparation 500 should be accounted to its particularly slow maturation process, as compared to common composting procedures. Our results provide, for the first time, a scientific characterization of an essential product in biodynamic agriculture, and show that biodynamic products appear to be enriched of biolabile components and, therefore, potentially conducive to plant growth stimulation. |
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