Severity and patterns of injury in helmeted vs. non-helmeted motorcyclists in a rural state |
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| Institution: | 1. Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, USA;2. Department of Surgery, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME 04102, USA;1. Groupe PSA, Centre technique de Vélizy, Vélizy-Villacoublay, Cedex, France;2. Normandie University, Unicaen, INSERM, COMETE, CHU de Caen, Cyceron, Caen, France;3. Université Gustave Eiffel/TS2/SATIE/MOSS, Orsay, France;1. Department of Clinical Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States;2. Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States;3. Oregon Center for Aging & Technology, Portland, OR, United States;4. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, MN, United States;5. Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States;1. Department of Traffic Psychology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226019, China;2. Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University, Blvd, CH 415, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;1. Postgraduate Student of the Master Program in Forensic Sciences, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil;2. Postgraduate Student of the PhD Program in Dentistry, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil;3. Postdoctoral Researcher, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil;4. Postgraduate Student of the Master Program in Forensic Sciences, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil;6. Associate Professor of the PhD Program in Dentistry, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil;5. Adjunct Professor of the Master Program in Forensic Sciences, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil;1. Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan;2. Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta City, Indonesia;3. Department of Emergency Medicine, New Taipei City Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan;4. Transport Research Institute, Edinburgh Napier University, Scotland, United Kingdom;5. Department of Engineering, Princess Nora bint Abdul Rahman University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;6. Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan |
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| Abstract: | Introduction: Under current law in our rural state, there is no universal requirement for motorcyclists to wear helmets. Roughly 500 motorcycle crashes are reported by the state each year and only a fraction of those riders wear helmets. We sought to determine the difference in injury patterns and severity in helmeted versus non-helmeted riders. Methods: Retrospective review (2014–2018) of a single level 1 trauma center’s registry was done for subjects admitted after a motorcycle collision. Demographic, injury and patient outcome data were collected. Patients were stratified by helmet use (n = 81), no helmet use (n = 144), and unknown helmet use (n = 194). Statistical analysis used Student’s t-test or Pearson’s χ2 p-value ≤0.05 as significant. State Department of Transportation data registry for state level mortality and collision incidence over the same time period was also obtained. Results: Of the 2,022 state-reported motorcycle collisions, 419 individuals admitted to our trauma center were analyzed (21% capture). State-reported field fatality rate regardless of helmet use was 4%. Our inpatient mortality rate was 2% with no differences between helmet uses. Helmeted riders were found to have significantly fewer head and face injuries, higher GCS, lower face, neck, thorax and abdomen AIS, fewer required mechanical ventilation, shorter ICU length of stay, and had a greater number of upper extremity injuries and higher upper extremity AIS. Conclusions: Helmeted motorcyclists have fewer head, face, and cervical spine injuries, and lower injury severities: GCS and face, neck, thorax, abdomen AIS. Helmeted riders had significantly less mechanical ventilation requirement and shorter ICU stays. Non-helmeted riders sustained worse injuries. Practical Applications: Helmets provide safety and motorcycle riders have a 34-fold higher risk of death following a crash. Evaluating injury severities and patterns in motorcycle crash victims in a rural state with no helmet laws may provide insight into changing current legislation. |
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| Keywords: | Motorcycle Helmet Protection Injury Safety |
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