Factors related to youth self-efficacy for injury prevention bicycle skills |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States;2. Bradshaw Institute for Community Child Health & Advocacy, Prisma Health Children’s Hospital, Greenville, SC, United States;3. University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC, United States;1. Road Safety Research Collaboration, Australia;2. School of Law and Society, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland 4556, Australia;1. School of Social Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia;2. Institute of Transport Studies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;3. Amy Gillett Foundation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;4. Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety – Queensland, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Queensland, Australia;1. SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research, Bezuidenhoutseweg 62, 2594 AW Den Haag, The Netherlands;2. University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, 2901 Baxter Road, Ann Arbor 48109-2150, MI, USA;3. Department of Health Behaviour & Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor 48109-2150, MI, USA;4. Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Work and Social Psychology, University of Maastricht, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;1. School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Street, Nangang District, Harbin, China;2. USDOT Center for Advanced Multimodal Mobility Solutions and Education (CAMMSE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, EPIC Building, Room 3366, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223-0001 |
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| Abstract: | Introduction: Bicycle riding is a common activity for children, but they are prone to bicycle-related injuries. It is well-established that injury prevention measures such as wearing a helmet and correctly riding a bicycle can reduce the severity of an injury and the likelihood of having an accident. However, how to increase bicycle injury prevention behaviors among children, who collectively fail to engage in injury prevention behaviors, is less well understood. Self-efficacy is consistently predictive of injury prevention behavior, making it an important approach to understanding injury prevention skills among this key population. The objective of this study was to explore and identify factors internal to the child as well as factors about his or her environment that predict a child’s self-efficacy for injury prevention skills. Method: Two generalized linear mixed effects models were created from survey data collected from elementary school students (n = 2,255) as part of a school-based bicycle education program. Models focused on self-efficacy for riding a bicycle and self-efficacy for wearing a helmet correctly. Results: In both models, road safety knowledge, opportunity for skill building through owning appropriate equipment (a bicycle or helmet), and situation through perception of neighborhood safety were predictive. The analyses reveal these variables as key factors for greater confidence, with feeling safe riding in the neighborhood, in particular, emerging as highly predictive of self-efficacy for injury prevention skills. Conclusions: These findings highlight the interplay of individual and environmental factors within confidence for injury prevention behavior. Given self-efficacy’s strong relationship to prevention behavior, these findings indicate actionable strategies. Practical Applications: The key factors highlighted in this study can be used by policymakers to target specific areas (e.g., neighborhood safety) to promote self-efficacy and thus improve injury prevention. These factors can also inform strategies for establishing safety skills in bicycle-safety education programs. |
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| Keywords: | Bicycle safety Helmet use Self-efficacy Injury prevention Child safety |
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