Investigating the uniqueness of crash injury severity in freeway tunnels: A comparative study in Guizhou,China |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China;2. Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China;3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China;4. Guizhou Transportation Planning Survey & Design Co., Ltd, Guiyang, China;5. Department of Statistics and Data Science, Soutern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China;1. Forensic Medicine Unit, The National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland;2. Department of Biomedicine, Forensic Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland;3. Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland;1. Dongyang University, School of Safety Engineering, 2741 Pyeonghwa-ro, Dongducheon, Gyeonggi, 11307, South Korea;2. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NWQ4414, P.O. Box 784, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, United States;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States;1. Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China;2. Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China;3. Department of Statistics and Data Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China;4. School of Business IT and Logistics, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia;5. Guizhou Transportation Planning Survey & Design Academy Co., Ltd, Guiyang, China |
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| Abstract: | Introduction: With the rapid development of transportation infrastructures in precipitous areas, the mileage of freeway tunnels in China has been mounting during the past decade. Provided the semi-constrained space and the monotonous driving environment of freeway tunnels, safety concerns still remain. This study aims to investigate the uniqueness of the relationships between crash severity in freeway tunnels and various contributory factors. Method: The information of 10,081 crashes in the entire freeway network of Guizhou Province, China in 2018 is adopted, from which a subset of 591 crashes in tunnels is extracted. To address spatial variations across various road segments, a two-level binary logistic approach is applied to model crash severity in freeway tunnels. A similar model is also established for crash severity on general freeways as a benchmark. Results: The uniqueness of crash severity in tunnels mainly includes three aspects: (a) the road-segment-level effects are quantifiable with the environmental factors for crash severity in tunnels, but only exist in the random effects for general freeways; (b) tunnel has a significantly higher propensity to cause severe injury in a crash than other locations of a freeway; and (c) different influential factors and levels of contributions are found to crash severity in tunnels compared with on general freeways. Factors including speed limit, tunnel length, truck involvement, rear-end crash, rainy and foggy weather and sequential crash have positive contributions to crash severity in freeway tunnels. Practical applications: Policy implications for traffic control and management are advised to improve traffic safety level in freeway tunnels. |
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| Keywords: | Crash injury severity Freeway tunnel Multilevel model Unobserved heterogeneity Road safety |
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