大连重要海水增养殖区粪便污染指示菌和弧菌的时空分布

开展海水增养殖区卫生安全评价对于减少人体健康风险、提高增养殖区的有效管理尤为重要。本研究于2013年3月、5月、8月和10月对大连市金石滩、大长山岛、大李家3个重要海水增养殖区的贝类和海水进行了粪便污染指示菌总大肠菌群（TC）和粪大肠菌群（FC）的监测，同时监测了弧菌总数（TV）和主要环境要素（包括水温、pH、盐度、COD、DO、Chl a）。结果表明:这3个海区贝类组织中TC及海水中的TC、FC浓度均呈显著的时间和空间分布变化。贝类组织中TC含量随时间的分布趋势为:8月> 5月> 3月> 10月，空间分布为:大长山岛>金石滩，大长山岛>大李家，而金石滩和大李家差异不显著（P < 0.05）；海水中TC和FC浓度分布特征相似，时间分布特征均为:金石滩8月份最高，大李家5月份最高，而大长山岛各月份均低于最低检测限（2 MPN/100 mL），空间分布特征均为:大李家增养殖区污染较为严重，而金石滩和大长山岛差异不显著（P < 0.05）。3个增养殖区8月份和10月份的海水中TV浓度较高，为3.3×102~4.23×105 CFU/100 mL。通过分析不同季节海水增养殖区中TC、FC、TV之间及其与水温、pH、盐度、COD、DO、Chl a的相关性，表明环境要素以及增养殖区水域特点对于粪便污染指示菌和弧菌的时空分布具有重要的影响。为更好地反映增养殖区的卫生安全状况，海水和养殖生物体内指示生物应同时监测，在监测传统粪便污染指示菌的同时，建议将弧菌作为重要的病原菌指标。

Spatial and temporal distribution of fecal indicator bacteria and vibrios in the mariculture zones of Dalian

Safety and healthy evaluation of the shellfish flesh and waters in the mariculture zones is significantly important for human health risk assessment and effective management.So we collected shellfish and seawater from Jinshitan, Dalijia and Dachangshandao mariculture zones of Dalian in March, May, August and October of 2013.And we analyzed the total coliform(TC), fecal coliform(FC) in them.At the same time, the total vibrios in seawater and environmental factors including temperature, pH, salinity, COD, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a were also evaluated.The results showed that:the concentration of TC and FC changed with the spatial and temporal distribution distribution.The temporal distribution of TC concentration in shellfish tissues was August > May > Month > October, and the spatial distribution was Dachangshandao > Jinshitan, Dachangshandao > Dalijia which has no significant difference between Jinshitan and Dalijia (P < 0.05).The distribution characteristics of TC and FC in seawater was similar.The temporal distribution was:the highest TC and FC concentrations in seawater were August for Jinshitan and May for Dalijia, however, the TC and FC concentrations in seawater were less than 2 MPN/100 mL in Dachangshandao during the sampling period, and the spatial distribution of TC and FC concentration in seawater was highest in Dalijia and there's no significant difference between Jinshitan and Dachangshandao.The TV concentration in water were higher in August and October which ranged from 3.3×102 to 4.23×105 CFU/100 mL.By analyzing the correlation between TC、FC、TV and their environmental factors (temperature, pH, salinity, COD, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a) in the three mariculture zones and different seasons, we can know that environmental factors and the characteristics of the mariculture zones have important effects on the temporal and spatial distribution of fecal indicator bacteria and vibrios.In order to better reflect the health and safety status of the mariculture area, the indicator bacteria in the seawater and shellfish should be monitored simultaneously.In addition we recommended vibrios as an important pathogen indicator, so we should monitor it at the same time as traditional indicator bacteria.