象山港海域水质与沉积物主要污染因子及污染源分析

通过分区调查2007~2015年象山港海域的水质变化情况，分析了象山港海洋环境主要污染因子的空间分布特征及年际变化，并利用富营养化指数法（E）和沉积物重金属潜在生态危害指数法（RI）分析了港内水体富营养化情况及沉积物重金属生态危害程度，结果表明四项主要水质污染因子中DIN、DIP及石油类的平均浓度呈现港口>港中>港顶的趋势，富营养化程度虽偶有改善，但仍较严重，沉积物重金属潜在生态危害已达中等程度，并有逐年加重的趋势。对陆上氮源、磷源的主成分分析结果显示氮肥和畜禽废弃物是主要的氮污染源，而畜禽废弃物和磷肥则为主要的磷污染源，此外，海水养殖也是富营养化不可忽视的另一个污染源。

Analysis of major pollution factors in sea water and surface sediments and contribution of pollution sources in Xiangshan bay

Based on the divisional investigation of seawater quality from 2007 to 2015 in Xiangshan bay, the spatial distribution and the interannual variability of the main pollution factors (including DIN, DIP, oil, and heavy mental Pb) were analyzed. Eutrophication Index (E) and Potential Ecological Risk Index(RI)are used to evaluate the interannual eutrophication condition and the ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediments. The result shows that the average concentration of DIN, DIP and the oil which are the main pollution factors of the seawater quality in Xiangshan bay decreased from the entrance to the bottom. Although relatively low values of eutrophication index occurred in some years, the problem of eutrophication is still serious. Analysis of the potential ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediments from the middle part of Xiangshan bay show a slight increase trend from 2006 to 2013. As for land-based pollution, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to distinguish that nitrogen fertilizer and livestock are the main sources of the nitrogen pollution, while the phosphorus pollution is mainly resulted from livestock and phosphorus fertilizer. In addition, mariculture is the another significant source of the eutrophication.