消油剂使用对水下溢油分散效果的研究

消油剂的水下使用是水下溢油应急处置的一种潜在的有效手段，但是消油剂对水下溢油分散效果的定量评估还比较少见。本研究采用自制的1 m×1 m×2 m（长×宽×高）的水下溢油模拟实验装置，开展消油剂作用下的蓬莱19-3原油水下喷射实验，以油滴体积分布和体积中值粒径为指标，考察不同消油剂使用量对水下溢油油滴破碎的影响。结果表明，与不使用消油剂相比，使用消油剂时的水下溢油分散效果更加显著，表现为油滴体积分布最高点向小粒径方向移动，大粒径油滴的体积分数减小；消油剂使用量越大，大粒径油滴的体积分数越小，最终完全消失。油滴体积中值粒径也随消油剂使用量的增加逐渐减小。

Study on dispersion efficacy of dispersant on subsurface oil release

The use of dispersants is a potentially effective response method for subsurface oil release, but few researches have been conducted on the quantitative evaluation of dispersant effectiveness in the subsurface. In this study, a test facility with the dimensions of 1 m×1 m×2 m (length×width×height) was used for conducting subsurface release experiments of Penglai 19-3 crude oil with dispersant. The oil droplet size distribution (volume%) and volume median diameter d₅₀ were chosen as the index to evaluate the influence of the amount of dispersant on the droplet breakup. The results showed that the dispersion of subsurface oil release was more significant with dispersant than without dispersant. The highest point of volume ratio shifted to the direction of small droplets, and the volume fraction of bigger droplets decreased. More dispersant was used, more the volume fraction of bigger droplets decreased, and total disappeared eventually. The volume median diameter d₅₀ also decreased with increasing dispersant amount.