海洋功能区划保留区管控要求解析及政策建议

本文基于保留区选划的原因和分类，结合新一轮全国和省级海洋功能区划编制，汇总和比较全国、省级保留区管控规定，分析了目前各省保留区个数、面积、岸线长度、离岸距离等设置情况。据此，依据保留区内涵将保留区划分为五类，即功能待定区、发展预留区、整治修复预留区、保护缓冲区以及特殊功能预留区，分别提出五类保留区的使用管理要求和环境保护要求。最后，文章从保留区用海现状处理方式、开发利用条件、用海活动管理等方面提出政策建议。总体来说，保留区不允许随意利用但并不完全禁止利用，在不改变海域自然属性的前提下，当用海活动符合保留区用途及环境保护要求，不影响周边海域功能正常发挥的情况下允许进行开发利用。

Management regulations and policy recommendations for reserved zones in marine function zoning

Considering the reason and classification of reserved zones,as well a new generation of division of national and provincial marine functional zoning,this article summarizes and compares the management regulations of national and provincial reserved zones,and analyzes the quantity,area,coastline length and offshore distance of the latter.Accordingly,the authors propose to divide the reserved zones into five categories,including pending areas,reserved areas for development,reserved areas for remediation,buffer areas for protection,and reserved areas for specific functions,each of which is subject to distinct management and environmental protection requirements.This article also presents suggestions from the perspectives of treatment of status quo,condition of development and utilization,and management of activities in marine areas.In general,though arbitrary use is not allowed,the reserved zones are not immune from use so long as the activities conform to the requirements of functional limitations and environmental protection without affect the surrounding areas.