南麂列岛大型海藻重金属元素含量特征分析

利用原子吸收光谱法及原子荧光光谱法，分别对2010年5月和2011年4月采集的南麂列岛（121°01'~121°08'E，27°25'~27°30'N）13种常见大型海藻中8种重金属（Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu、As、Cr、Cd和Hg）含量进行检测，并利用聚类分析及主成分分析法考察南麂列岛大型海藻对重金属的富集特征。结果表明:不同藻类体内各重金属含量存在显著差异，同种藻类中各重金属含量也不相同。所测海藻中重金属含量平均值由高到低依次为:Fe > Zn > Mn > As > Cu > Cr > Cd > Hg，Fe和Cu在绿藻门中含量最高，Mn和Zn在红藻门中最高，As则在褐藻门中最高。Fe在石莼中富集系数最高，达200553，Cu在缘管浒苔中富集系数最高，为12992；Zn、Mn、Cr和Cd在小石花菜中富集系数最高，分别为46357、31921、25192和27556；As在鼠尾藻中富集能力最强，其富集系数为65278；Hg在铜藻中富集系数最高，为3165；富集系数最小的是珊瑚藻对Hg富集，仅为515。13种海藻对重金属的富集能力综合排序表现为:小石花菜>鼠尾藻>石莼>萱藻>缘管浒苔>海萝>蜈蚣藻>粗枝软骨藻>珊瑚藻>铜藻>鹅肠藻>铁钉菜>羊栖菜。

Determination of heavy metal contents in macroalgae from the Nanji Islands,China

The contents of heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, As, Cr, Cd and Hg) in 13 marine macroalgae from the Nanji Islands (121°01'~121°08'E, 27°25'~27°30'N) in May 2010 and April 2011 were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, the investigation on accumulating characteristics of heavy metals in macroalgae was employed by cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). The results demonstrated that the heavy metal contents were significantly different within various species; meanwhile, the different distribution of each heavy metal was also presented in the same macroalgae. The average contents of heavy metals in macroalgae follows the order:Fe > Zn > Mn > As > Cu > Cr > Cd > Hg. Especially, the highest enrichment ability to Fe and Cu could be observed in Chlorophyta, while the highest enrichment ability to Mn and Zn was exhibited in Rhodophyta, but the highest content of As was found in Phaeophyta. The highest accumulation coefficients were observed in Ulva lactuca for Fe and Enteromorpha linza for Cu, which were 200553 and 12992, respectively. G.divaricatum Martens exhibited the highest accumulation coefficients for Zn, Mn, Cr and Cd, which were up to 46357, 31921, 25192 and 27556, respectively. The highest content was found in Sargassum thunbergii for As enrichment with accumulation coefficient at 65278, while the accumulation coefficient of Sargassum horneri for Hg was highest with 3165. However, the least accumulation coefficient was Corallina officinalis for Hg at only 515. Overall, the order of heavy metal bioaccumulation degree is G.divaricatum Martens > Sargassum thunbergii > Ulva lactuca > Scytosiphon lomentarius > Enteromorpha linza > Gloiopeltis furcata > Grateloupia filicina > Chondria crassicaulis > Corallina officinali > Sargassum horneri > Endarachne binghamiae > Ishige okamurae > Sargassum fusiforme.