海洋保护区生态补偿标准的初步探讨——以厦门海洋珍稀物种国家级自然保护区为例

海洋保护区生态补偿标准是建立海洋保护区生态补偿机制的基础。本文以厦门海洋珍稀物种国家级自然保护区的中华白海豚为例，根据保护区管理层次的划分及海域特点，将海域划分为西港海域、同安湾口、九龙江河口、西南海域、东部海域、同安湾、大噔海域7个区域，采用专家调查法，估算不同海域对海洋保护区价值的贡献率与单位面积海域的价值，以及各海域中填海造地、港池/锚地、桥梁建设、采矿、修船/造船、旅游娱乐、海底工程、排污、航道、施工10大类人类活动对海洋保护区的损害程度，建立了生态损害补偿标准估算模型。以填海造地活动为例，计算了该活动对厦门海洋保护区不同区域的生态损害补偿标准。这一研究成果填补了我国目前海洋保护区生态补偿标准问题的空白。

Preliminary study on ecological compensation standard of marine reserve:a case of Xiamen Rare Marine Species National Nature Reserve

Ecological compensation standard for marine reserve is the foundation of establishing the ecological compensation mechanism of marine reserve.According to the classification management of Xiamen Rare Marine Species National Nature Reserve, the marine area was divided into seven parts:West Port area, Tongan bay mouth, Jiulong estuary, Southwest area, East area, Tongan bay and Dadeng area.Taking the Chinese white dolphins (Sousa chinensis) as example, this paper estimated the contribution rate of different areas to the value of Xiamen marine reserve and the value per unit area by the expert investigation method.The damages of 10 types of human activities on the marine reserve were also estimated by the expert investigation method, which were marine reclamation land, harbor/anchorage, bridge construction, mining, ship repairing/shipbuilding, tourism/entertainment, submarine engineering, drain contamination, sea-route and construction.Thus the estimation model of ecological compensation standard was built and applied on the marine reclamation land in Xiamen Rare Marine Species National Nature Reserve to get the ecological compensation standards of Xiamen marine reserve in seven parts.This research filled the blank of the ecological compensation standard of the marine reserve at present.