我国海水养殖业氮、磷产出量的初步评估

为了解我国海水养殖业的自身污染状况，本文利用2014年全国海水养殖产量及主要养殖生物产污系数等数据对我国海水养殖活动氮、磷的产出量进行了初步评估。结果显示，全国海水增养殖区氮、磷年产出量分别达到29.3万t和9.7万t。其中，投饵性养殖生物（鱼类、甲壳类等）总氮、总磷产出量分别达到3.9万t和0.6万t，非投饵性养殖生物（滤食性贝类）总氮、总磷产出量分别达到25.4万t和9.1万t。与全国陆源污染物排海量相比，海水养殖总氮、总磷产出量分别约占江河总氮、总磷排海量的10.0%和36.1%；同时，海水养殖总氮、总磷产出量已分别超过排污口氨氮、总磷的排海量，分别约为二者的5.6倍和7.2倍。因此，海水养殖自身污染已成为我国近岸海域重要污染源之一，应引起相关部门的足够重视。

Preliminary evaluation on the nitrogen and phosphorus loads by mariculture in China

In order to elucidate the self-pollutant loading of mariculture in China, the amount of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TN) produced by cultured marine organisms was preliminary evaluated using the statistic data of mariculture production in 2014 and the pollutants producing coefficients of the majorly cultured organisms. The results showed that the annual TN and TP produced by mariculture reached to 294 and 97 kt, respectively, in which the artificial-feeding organisms (e.g. fishes, crustureans) discharged 39 kt TN and 6 kt TP, respectively. For the non-feeding organisms (e.g. filter-feeding bivalves), the loading of TN and TP was 255 kt and 91 kt, respectively. It suggested that the amount of TN and TP produced by cultured bivalves and fishes were obviously larger than those of other cultured ones. Compared with the land-based pollutants loads discharged into the sea, it was estimated that the amounts of TN and TP produced by mariculture accounted for 10.0% and 36.1% of those from the major rivers entering to the sea, respectively. Meanwhile, the amounts of mariculture-based TN and TP surpassed the amounts of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus of the major outfalls discharged into the sea, and it accounted about 5.6 times and 7.2 times of them, respectively. Therefore, the self-pollution from mariculture was very likely to be one of the major pollution sources in coastal areas of China, which should be paid more attention.