中国天然雌激素排放清单和风险评价

环境雌激素由于其较强的内分泌干扰特性，越来越受到普遍关注。环境雌激素中，人和动物排放的天然类固醇雌激素（E1、E2、EE2、E3）干扰性最强。建立天然雌激素排放清单，对于了解中国环境雌激素的排放状况，以及进一步的污染风险分析与控制，具有重要意义。本研究将天然雌激素的主要排放源按人、猪、牛和家禽分为10种不同类型，根据各...

Emission Inventory and Risk Assessment of Environmental Estrogens in China

The environmental estrogens have been widely focused due to their endocrine disturbing for humans and animals. The natural steroid estrogens （estrone, estradiol and estriol） emitted by both human and livestock are characterized by extremely strong endocrine disturbance. Emission inventory of natural steroid estrogens is important for risk assessment and control in China. Thus, natural steroid estrogens emission inventory in China was established by combining the amount of different emission sources and emission factors in this study. The total amounts of natural steroid estrogens emitted in 2007 in China were estimated at about 10.6 tons. The spatial distribution of natural steroid estrogen emission in China was not uniform, i.e. Henan, Siehuan, Guangxi, Xizang, Hunan, Jilin, Heilongjiang and Hehei Provinees contributed large amounts of natural steroid estrogens, exceeding 500 kg/＇a for each. Contrastively, Tianjin, Beijing, Shanghai, Ningxia and Hainan Provinces contributed small amounts of natural steroid estrogen emission, less than 100μg/a for each. The concentration of natural steroid estrogens from the sewage treatment plant effluent was calculated by wastewater emission and natural steroid estrogen emission inventory. The risk assessment was conducted by following nonylphenol-standards of water quality published by America in 2005. The standard was met only in Shanghai, while the other provinces indicated relatively high risk of estrogens over China.