茶树上游猎型蜘蛛功能团对景观低碳管理模式的反应

目前温室效应加剧、生物多样性减少以及农田环境污染加重等问题已成为关注的焦点。由于蜘蛛是环境变化的指示标志和农业生中的重要捕食性天敌。通过选择茶树上游猎型蜘蛛为研究对象，调查分析景观低碳管理模式茶园（JG）与习惯管理模式茶园（XG）对茶树上游猎型蜘蛛组成、结构以及群落数量特征的影响。结果表明：JG茶园茶树上游猎型蜘蛛种类较多，有8个科，18个种；XG茶园有6个科，13个种；优势种和丰盛种中，JG茶园个体数为375头、195头，比XG茶园分别提高1.16、0.33倍。JG与XG两类茶园的蜘蛛种群数量特征在年龄结构、性别比例方面存在显著差异（P＜0.001）；JG茶园雌蛛个体数为157头、雄蛛个体数为320头，是XG茶园的1.12和1.32倍；JG茶园成蛛与幼蛛个体数是XG茶园的1.25和0.87倍，成蛛比幼蛛高出46.32%，而XG茶园成蛛比幼蛛高出21.82%；JG茶园蜘蛛种群数量特征发生动态显著高于XG茶园（P＜0.05）。JG茶园蜘蛛多样性指数和丰富度指数比XG茶园增加16.46%和12.14%。主成分分析表明，第一、二主成分累计贡献率达50.47%， JG茶园位置明显接近光盔蛛科（Liocranidae）、圆颚蛛科（Corinnidae）、跳蛛科（Salticidae）和管巢蛛科（Clubionidae）等蜘蛛群落数量分布较多的方向偏移，而XG茶园则向盗蛛科（Pisauridae）和猫蛛科（Oxyopidae）等蜘蛛群落数量分布较少方向靠近。由此可知，茶园实行低碳管理，实行复合种植，有利于减少CO2气体排放，保护茶树上游猎型蜘蛛种类多样性，提高对害虫的自然控制能力，为茶园固碳增汇，茶叶产值提高打下了基础。

The Response of a canopy-wandering-spider functional group to a low-carbon management approach in tea plantations

Current ecological research generally focuses on the effects of greenhouse gases, biodiversity loss and agricultural issues such as environmental pollution. In most ecosystems, spiders （Araneae） play a significant role both as indicators of environmental change and as important predators of agricultural pests. In this study, we examined the response of wandering spider communities by investigating their species composition, structure and diversity in tea plantations which are operated using to two different types of production management, conventional and low-carbon. Spiders were collected from tea plantations practicing either low-carbon management （JG） or conventional production management （XG） between June 2010 and May 2011. The results showed that wandering-spiders collected in the JG plantations belonged to 18 different species from 8 families. However, 13 species from 6 families were found in the XG plantation. The JG plantation contained more opportunistic species （375 individuals） and higher species richness （195 individuals）, increasing by 1.16 times and 0.33 times （respectively） compared with the XG plantation. The quantitative characteristics of community composition in the JG plantation was significantly richer compared with those in the XG plantation （p＆lt;0.001）. The community composition of the individual number of female, male, mature and immature spiders accounted for 1.12-, 1.32-, 1.25-and 0.87-times compared with those in the XG plantation. The number of spiders in the JG plantation consisted of 157 individual females and 320 males. The number of mature spiders in the JG plantation increased by 46.32%compared with 21.82%in the XG plantation. In the JG plantation, the characteristics of age, sex and the number of spider clusters, and individual dynamics were significantly higher compared with the XG plantation （p＆lt;0.001）. In addition, the species diversity and richness indices increased by 16.46%and 12.14%（respectively） in the JG plantation. The principal component analysis showed that the total contribution rate in the two plantations was up to 50.47%. The JG plantation showed a significant distribution of community orientation offsets compared with the number of ground wandering spiders in Liocranidae, Corinnidae, Salticidae and Clubionidae. In the XG plantation the distribution of community orientation offsets occurred with Pisauridae and Oxyopidae. Therefore, the effective strategy using low-carbon management through increased plant diversity is conducive to reducing CO2 emissions and protecting the species diversity of wandering spider species. Improving natural pest control in tea plantations can result in increased carbon sequestration and tea production.