安全氛围要素构成与重要性排序

关键要素构成及关联排序是安全氛围研究的基础性内容.通过文献回顾和事故案例分析,提取出由安全思想与理念、领导重视、危险源识别与风险分析控制、管理方式、员工参与、安全机构及方法、安全培训、标准化和其他共9维度构成的安全氛围架构,建立了72个指标要素和要素层级模型.运用层次分析法计算出各要素的权重,实现了要素的重要性排序,指标要素总的排序结果基本反映出企业现状.研究表明, 企业领导层应保持重视安全的持续性和一致性,工作中宜改变以管理和处罚等负面刺激为主的传统模式,设法激励员工主动参与.在具体实践中,宜重点加强关于个体行为改善、安全教育培训、管理科学、交流与沟通等方面工作.

Climate safety constituent elements and the order of their respective weightiness

This paper investigates the chief constituent elements of the safety climate and the order of their respective weightiness, which has a great impact on both the safety climate survey research and the management practice. First of all, we have decided an order of 72 chief safety constituent elements and laid out their respective weightiness specific for China's climatic context in reference to literature review and accident case studies. Secondly, applying the analytic hierarchy process, we have worked out the weight of each element, having defined and sequenced each dimension and factor in terms of their respective importance. And, last of all, we have analyzed all the data and provided useful suggestions on how to use the. Safety climate evaluation method, including the safety beliefs, commitment, hazard recognition and risk control, management style, participation, safety structure, staff-training, standardization, and so on, basically in conformity with the practical situations. In accordance with the 9 climate dimensions weighting rate, the authors argue that the focus of the safety climate management should be transferred from the passive penalty to motivation, which may contribute to the improvement of the enthusiasm and initiative of the staff members. In addition, the management should take safety into persistent account, while rating the 72 safety climate elements. Besides, participation, unsafe behavior control, education and training, communication should also be included into the most important factors in the safety climate evaluation system in China's industrial and technological developmental context.