转基因抗虫水稻生态安全性研究进展

我国转基因抗虫水稻的商业化种植已成为国内外广泛关注的热点问题.本文系统综述了转基因抗虫水稻的遗传转化、基因漂流、靶标害虫的抗性风险、对非靶标生物和稻田节肢动物群落的影响以及B t杀虫蛋白在土壤中的残留等方面的研究进展.现有研究表明,B t水稻对二化螟、三化螟和稻纵卷叶螟等主要靶标害虫具有较高的抗性水平,对稻飞虱、叶蝉、捕食性天敌等非靶标生物的生长发育和稻田节肢动物群落的稳定性无明显影响.靶标害虫的抗性和转基因水稻与杂草稻、野生稻之间的基因漂移风险是转基因抗虫水稻商业化种植的主要环境安全问题.参60

Research Advances in Ecological Safety of Insect-Resistant Transgenic Rice

Commercialization of insect-resistant transgenic rice in China has become an important debatable issue in the world.The current advances in insect-resistant gene transformation,gene flow,resistance management of target pests,impacts on non-target organism and arthropod community structure in rice habitat,and degradation and remains of Bt toxin in soil are reviewed in this paper.The present investigations show that Bt rice possesses high efficiencies for controlling the striped stem borer,yellow stem borer and rice leaf roller,and there are no significant differences in growth and development of non-target organisms,such as rice planthoppers,leafhoppers and predators,and the stability of arthropod community structure between Bt rice and conventional rice habitats.It is indicated that gene flow from transgenic rice to weed rice or wild rice,and resistant management of target pests to Bt rice are the major ecological risks for commercialization of Bt rice.Ref 60